May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
2 citations
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July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The authors confirmed that β-estradiol inhibits hair growth in mice when used at the correct concentration.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” The new method showed that endometriotic tissue has lower estrogen receptor levels but similar progesterone levels compared to normal endometrium, with both following a similar cycle.
19 citations
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March 2010 in “Steroids” Certain progesterone derivatives can inhibit enzymes and reduce androgenic activity, potentially affecting prostate growth.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estetrol may help prevent hair loss and promote hair growth in women.
56 citations
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March 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 17β-estradiol can reduce inflammation in the skin.
9 citations
,
December 2009 in “Cancer Research” Both vaginal testosterone cream and Estring effectively manage vaginal dryness in women with early-stage breast cancer on aromatase inhibitors.
1 citations
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June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
August 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” A postmenopausal woman's facial redness, acne, and excess hair were caused by too much hormone therapy for insomnia, but improved after stopping the treatment.
6 citations
,
June 2006 in “International Journal of Gynecological Pathology” A postmenopausal woman's hormone imbalance and symptoms improved after removing benign ovarian tumors.
120 citations
,
April 2019 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” Both estrogens and androgens are important for health in both males and females.
January 2007 in “Inpharma Weekly” Dutasteride is more effective for male pattern baldness than finasteride, and black cohosh extract BNO 1055 is as effective as conjugated estrogens in treating postmenopausal symptoms, with added benefits in reducing sweating and mental symptoms.
88 citations
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June 2016 in “Human Reproduction Update” New hormonal contraceptives are safer, have fewer side effects, and offer health benefits for women.
6 citations
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September 1998 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone replacement may help postmenopausal women with sexual function and bone density, but suitable treatments are limited.
306 citations
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August 2011 in “Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle” Enobosarm significantly increased muscle mass and improved physical function in elderly men and postmenopausal women without serious side effects.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Skin hormone levels change significantly after menopause.
51 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
6 citations
,
April 2017 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Ovariectomized mice mimic postmenopausal hair loss, and estradiol helps maintain hair density.
A woman's excess male hormone symptoms were caused by a rare benign tumor in her ovary.
77 citations
,
April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Removing the ovarian tumor improved the woman's hormonal symptoms.
164 citations
,
January 2003 in “Drugs” August 2012 in “Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège)” A castrated dog developed hair loss and prostate issues from long-term exposure to estrogen cream.
1 citations
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January 2004 in “PubMed” NGF and minoxidil promote hair growth, while 17 beta-E2 inhibits it.
July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 4 citations
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January 1991 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” Goserelin and oestradiol treatment slightly improved hairiness but did not significantly change sebum production or hair characteristics in mildly hirsute women.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian cancer with a good outlook was found in a woman with unusual hair growth and abdominal symptoms.
50 citations
,
December 2006 in “Bone” Exemestane may protect bones by stimulating osteoblast growth through androgen-related pathways.
2 citations
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March 2005 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Equol may help with antiaging and skin health by boosting collagen and blocking certain hormones.