16 citations
,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with estrogen possibly reducing risk and testosterone potentially increasing it.
July 2022 in “British Journal of Dermatology”
119 citations
,
January 2012 in “Nutrition & Metabolism” Modern lifestyles, including poor diet, stress, and long-term use of certain medications, hinder the body's ability to heal from inflammation, leading to chronic diseases.
June 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Different immune responses cause hair loss in scalp diseases, with unique patterns in scalp psoriasis possibly protecting against hair loss.
3 citations
,
May 2011 in “Practice nursing” As skin ages, it gets thinner, paler, and more wrinkled, and protection and care like sunblock and moisturizers are important.
2 citations
,
February 2018 in “InTech eBooks” TNF-alpha inhibitors can cause various immune-related skin issues.
November 2012 in “The Journal for Nurse Practitioners” Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex autoimmune disease mainly affecting women, with varied symptoms and unknown exact cause.
January 2025 in “Advances in Dermatology and Allergology” Eating foods with sulfhydryl may worsen pemphigus vulgaris.
1 citations
,
November 2000 in “PubMed” Combining cytostatic and steroid drugs effectively treats systemic lupus erythematosus.
April 2012 in “Lab Animal” Early exposure to germs may protect against autoimmune diseases, lack of sex increases alcohol preference in fruit flies, a potential baldness treatment could involve blocking a specific receptor, skin memory cells help prevent re-infection, high-fat diets can affect brain cells related to weight, and the link between social status, stress, and heart disease in primates is unclear.
87 citations
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December 2016 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors may develop alopecia, but some hair regrowth is possible with treatment.
40 citations
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May 2014 in “PLoS ONE” Chronic stress can reduce skin pigmentation.
April 2026 in “Current HIV Research” Skin disorders in HIV patients have shifted, with more sexually transmitted infections and ART-related conditions now common.
54 citations
,
May 2019 in “Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders” Azathioprine can help with relapses and disability in NMOSD but has more side effects and needs more research.
January 2023 in “Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica (Tiskana izd.)” The article concludes that schoolchildren and adolescents experienced various skin issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, including acne from masks and other skin reactions from the virus and vaccines.
23 citations
,
July 2015 in “Encyclopedia of Life Sciences” Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic disease causing inflammation and various symptoms, mainly in young women, treated with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs.
162 citations
,
October 2014 in “Autoimmunity reviews” Alopecia areata is caused by the immune system attacking hair follicles.
July 2025 in “Foundation University Journal of Dentistry” Alopecia areata patients often have autoimmune disorders, especially thyroid issues.
17 citations
,
May 2021 in “Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics” COVID-19 may harm male fertility and damage the reproductive system.
14 citations
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January 2008 in “Dermatology” Vitamin D made by the skin plays a role in immune defense and skin health, and more research is needed to understand its full effects.
18 citations
,
November 2021 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” COVID-19 can cause various skin issues, like rashes and lesions, which are more common in younger patients and can be linked to more severe complications.
17 citations
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October 2020 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Korean patients with rosacea are more likely to have other health conditions.
2 citations
,
May 2022 in “JAAD Case Reports” A woman lost all her hair after mild COVID-19, but it started to regrow after treatment with a specific medication.
33 citations
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June 2021 in “Dermatologic Therapy” COVID-19 vaccines can trigger autoimmune flares but are still beneficial for patients with autoimmune conditions.
2 citations
,
November 2011 in “Journal of Infection” A woman with asthma improved from a severe fungal infection after treatment change, and most HIV-positive women in a UK study had low immune cell counts but were responding well to treatment.
During COVID-19, Iraqi women saw more hair loss and skin issues like acne due to stress, masks, and hygiene habits.
4 citations
,
May 2021 in “medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms like fatigue and breathing difficulties can persist for over 60 days, requiring ongoing care.
The pandemic worsened mental health and healthcare access for middle-aged women, leading to negative changes in their lifestyle.
October 2012 in “CRC Press eBooks” HIV can cause hair loss and changes in nails, which may indicate disease progression.
January 2019 in “Przegląd Dermatologiczny” An 87-year-old woman was diagnosed with type 3 autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome and had multiple autoimmune issues.