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GlossaryCrystallography

scientific study of atomic arrangements in crystalline solids

Crystallography is the scientific study of the arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids. By using techniques like X-ray diffraction, scientists can determine the precise structure of crystals, which is crucial for understanding material properties and designing new drugs.

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Hyaluronic Acid Microneedles Enhance Transdermal Delivery of Minoxidil Derivatives with 1,2,4-Oxadiazole-5-One Unit for Effective Hair Regeneration: Insights from X-Ray Crystallography and Animal Models

research Hyaluronic acid microneedles enhance transdermal delivery of minoxidil derivatives with 1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-one unit for effective hair regeneration: Insights from X-ray crystallography and animal models

October 2025 in “Journal of Molecular Structure”

Hyaluronic acid microneedles help deliver minoxidil derivatives effectively for hair regrowth.

research Structural characterization of polymorphs and molecular complexes of finasteride

17 citations , January 1999 in “Journal of Molecular Structure”

Finasteride's molecular and crystal structures help develop new drug formulations.

research Aromatic C-nitrosation of a bioactive molecule. Nitrosation of minoxidil

8 citations , January 2011 in “Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry”

Minoxidil reacts to nitrosation 7 times more than phenol, mainly due to its -NH₂ groups, leading to the creation of N-nitrosominoxidil.

Minoxidil/Salicylic Acid Hydrogel Formulated for Alopecia Treatment: Supramolecular Interactions Modulate Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities

research Minoxidil/salicylic acid hydrogel formulated for alopecia treatment: Supramolecular interactions modulate physicochemical properties and biological activities revealed by experimental and theoretical studies

February 2024 in “Journal of Molecular Structure”

The new minoxidil and salicylic acid hydrogel improves alopecia treatment.

Structural and Functional Studies of L-PGDS and SMPDL3A Enzymes in Lipid Signaling Family

research Structural & functional studies of L-PGDS and SMPDL3A enzymes in lipid signaling family

October 2019

L-PGDS has specific binding sites for its functions and could help in drug delivery system design.

Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Analysis of the Human Androgen Receptor Ligand-Binding Domain with a Coactivator-Like Peptide and Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators

research Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the human androgen receptor ligand-binding domain with a coactivator-like peptide and selective androgen receptor modulators

1 citations , November 2008 in “Acta crystallographica”

Scientists successfully created and analyzed the structure of a part of the human androgen receptor with specific modulators and a peptide to understand how it binds differently in various tissues.

research Regulation of Receptor Binding Specificity of FGF9 by an Autoinhibitory Homodimerization

24 citations , July 2017 in “Structure”

FGF9 controls which receptors it binds to through a process where two FGF9 molecules join, and changes in FGF9 can lead to incorrect receptor activation.

research Structural and dynamic insights into substrate binding and catalysis of human lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase

20 citations , March 2013 in “Journal of Lipid Research”

The research explains how a human enzyme binds and processes its substrate, which could relate to its role in biological functions and hair loss.

research Crystal Structure and Synthesis of 17α-Acetoxy-4-bromopregn-4-ene-3,20-dione

August 2002 in “Analytical Sciences”

The document concludes that a compound with potential for treating prostate cancer and hair loss was successfully made and its detailed structure was confirmed.

Evaluation of Polymorphism Influence in Finasteride

research Evaluation of Polymorphism Influence in the Finasteride

August 2014 in “Acta Crystallographica”

Different forms of finasteride dissolve and remain stable differently, affecting capsule quality.

research Local structure of human hair spatially resolved by sub-micron X-ray beam

24 citations , November 2015 in “Scientific reports”

Human hair has a new region with ordered filaments and the cuticle contains β-keratin sheets.

research Investigation of intermolecular interactions in finasteride drug crystals in view of X-ray and Hirshfeld surface analysis

16 citations , July 2015 in “Journal of Molecular Structure”

Finasteride crystals are held together by hydrogen bonds and weak interactions, forming synthon pseudopolymorphs.

$Limits of Visual Detection for Finasteride Polymorphs in Prepared Binary Mixtures: Analysis by X-ray Powder Diffraction$

research Limits of Visual Detection for Finasteride Polymorphs in Prepared Binary Mixtures: Analysis by X‐ray Powder Diffraction

5 citations , September 2014 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Analysis of Elemental Composition from Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Patients' Hairs, Nails, and Blood Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS)

research ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION FROM NON-DIABETIC AND DIABETIC PATIENTS HAIRS, NAILS AND BLOOD USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) AND ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY (EDS)

September 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Science”

Diabetics have lower essential element levels, which may contribute to diabetes, and certain plants might help manage it.

research The Intermediate Filament Architecture as Determined by X-Ray Diffraction Modeling of Hard α-Keratin

66 citations , June 2004 in “Biophysical Journal”

Hard α-keratin in hair has a unique, nonordered structure, different from other fibers.

research Structural studies of two solid steroid compounds

2 citations , January 2006 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)”

Androsterone and finasteride have different solid forms, with new findings correcting previous errors and identifying a new form.

Possible Relationships Between the Physical Conditions of Cattle and the Occurrence of Structural Modifications of Their Coat Hair

research Possible relationships between the physical conditions of cattle and the occurrence of structural modifications of their coat hair

October 2023 in “Animal production science”

Vitamin A deficiency changes cattle hair structure, while pregnancy may improve it, suggesting hair can indicate cattle health.

research Phenomenology of polymorphism: The topological pressure–temperature phase relationships of the dimorphism of finasteride

9 citations , August 2012 in “Thermochimica Acta”

Finasteride's two forms have different stability based on temperature and pressure.

A Multi-Technique Approach to the Study of Structural Stability and Desolvation of Two Unusual Channel Hydrate Solvates of Finasteride

research A Multi-Technique Approach to the Study of Structural Stability and Desolvation of Two Unusual Channel Hydrate Solvates of Finasteride

21 citations , September 2011 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Desolvation of finasteride depends on environment and technique.

research Attempted construction of minoxidil: carboxylic acid cocrystals; 7 salts and 1 cocrystal resulted

66 citations , February 2010 in “CrystEngComm”

Made 8 minoxidil samples; 1 cocrystal, 7 salts formed.

research Structural Hierarchy of Trichocyte Keratin Intermediate Filaments

15 citations , January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology”

Keratin proteins are crucial for hair growth and structure.

research Effect of shampoo, conditioner and permanent waving on the molecular structure of human hair

37 citations , October 2015 in “PeerJ”

Perming significantly changes hair's molecular structure, while shampoo and conditioner do not.

research New insights into human hair: SAXS, SEM, TEM and EDX for Alopecia Areata investigations

8 citations , January 2020 in “PeerJ”

Alopecia Areata causes significant structural and compositional changes in hair.

research Structures of three polycystic kidney disease-like domains fromClostridium histolyticumcollagenases ColG and ColH

18 citations , February 2015 in “Acta Crystallographica Section D: Structural Biology”

The study concludes that certain domains in Clostridium histolyticum enzymes are structurally unique, bind calcium to become more stable, and play distinct roles in breaking down collagen, with potential applications in medicine and drug delivery.

High-Resolution Structures of Mutants Affecting Access to the Ligand-Binding Cavity of Human Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase

research High-resolution structures of mutants of residues that affect access to the ligand-binding cavity of human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase

5 citations , July 2014 in “Acta Crystallographica Section D-biological Crystallography”

Mutations in the enzyme don't significantly change how it binds to its specific substances.

$Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a New Dinuclear Platinum(III) Complex, [Pt2Cl4(NH3)2{μ-HN=C(O)Bu^t}2]$

research Synthesis and structural characterization of a new dinuclear platinum(III) complex, [Pt₂Cl₄(NH₃)₂{μ-HN=C(O)Bu^t}₂]

2 citations , November 2022 in “Acta crystallographica. Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials./Acta crystallographica. Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials”

A new platinum complex was made and studied, which might help fight cancer better.

research Crystal Structure and Synthesis of 17α-Acetoxy-pregn-4,6-diene-3,20-dione

June 2010 in “Journal of Chemical Crystallography”

The compound was successfully made and shows potential for treating prostate cancer.

research Direct access to novel chromeno-pyrimidine-N-oxides via tandem base catalyzed double nucleophilic addition/dehydration reaction

7 citations , March 2013 in “Tetrahedron Letters”

New method makes important drug ingredients more easily without needing extra purification steps.

research Discovery and Optimization of Novel Pyridines as Highly Potent and Selective Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inhibitors

October 2019

New pyridine compounds effectively inhibit GSK3, a diabetes treatment target.

research Estuarine bed-sediment-quality data collected in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy, 2013

18 citations , January 2015 in “Data series”

Hurricane Sandy increased contamination in estuarine sediments in New Jersey and New York.