57 citations
,
May 1980 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Langerhans cells are crucial for skin immunity and allergic reactions.
3 citations
,
July 1996 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Cytokines are important for immune responses and treating diseases, but they can cause side effects like fever and skin issues.
June 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Tofacitinib regrew hair in a man with total hair loss but raised cytokine levels, needing more research on possible side effects.
4 citations
,
October 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” IL-4 and IL-13 might play a role in a type of hair loss similar to alopecia areata.
10 citations
,
June 2011 in “Movement Disorders” THAP1 gene changes do not affect DYT1 dystonia; finasteride may help reduce tics and OCD in Tourette syndrome.
1 citations
,
May 2022 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Astilbin can potentially calm overactive immune responses, like in Type 1 Diabetes, by suppressing certain cell activities and reducing inflammation.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Trichohyalin in hair can trigger immune attacks in alopecia areata.
34 citations
,
July 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology” Androgens may influence T cells, contributing to higher autoimmune liver disease risk in women.
September 2025 in “Immunological Reviews” The skin can independently form immune responses through special structures, offering new ways to treat skin diseases.
2 citations
,
November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” RANKL improves the immune response against herpes simplex virus by enhancing T cell activation and could help develop better treatments or vaccines.
16 citations
,
March 2017 in “Oncotarget” SOCS3 treatment can prevent hair loss by stopping harmful immune responses.
4 citations
,
January 2024 in “Allergy” Everyone has an immune response to PPD, but reactions differ, causing tolerance, mild inflammation, or allergy.
52 citations
,
September 2012 in “Oncogene”
February 2026 in “Nature Communications” A specific group of immune and skin cells may cause chronic inflammation in atopic dermatitis.
October 2022 in “The American journal of gastroenterology” Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity can cause liver damage and affects multiple organs, with limited treatment options and a generally poor prognosis.
A 9-year-old girl developed type 1 diabetes and alopecia after being treated for a rare kidney disease.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “Molecular therapy” The FDA approved the first gene therapy for a blood disorder after overcoming early challenges and demonstrating patient benefits.
7 citations
,
October 2024 in “Frontiers in Immunology” A humanized CXCL12 antibody may delay and treat alopecia areata by altering the immune response.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Tissue-engineered skin substitutes can model junctional epidermolysis bullosa and may help develop gene therapy.
1 citations
,
May 2025 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Dual-targeted therapy is effective and safe for difficult-to-treat inflammatory bowel disease.
5 citations
,
May 2011 in “Movement Disorders” Finasteride may help reduce tic severity in male Tourette syndrome patients.
2 citations
,
January 2025 in “动物学研究” YAP1 helps fat cell formation by influencing the Hippo pathway.
1 citations
,
January 2014 in “The Journal of Dermatology” A patient with Ivemark syndrome developed mixed type vitiligo after a hepatitis C infection, showing different treatment responses and immune cell involvement in the skin.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy Sciences” Tofacitinib improved hair regrowth and quality of life in children with alopecia areata, with mild side effects.
7 citations
,
July 2019 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Terbinafine effectively treated kerion celsi despite disrupted immune responses.
13 citations
,
June 2012 in “European journal of medical genetics” Identical twins had different symptoms because one had more cells with an extra chromosome fragment in different tissues.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Melanogenesis-related proteins may trigger immune responses in alopecia areata patients.
November 2020 in “International journal of contemporary pediatrics” Two siblings had a rare immune disorder caused by a FOXN1 gene mutation.
35 citations
,
October 2021 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” COVID-19 vaccination may trigger recurrence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in some patients.
15 citations
,
December 2015 in “PLoS ONE” Fibroblasts can be mistaken for neural cells, so functional validation is needed.