Higher PD-1 levels mean fewer CD8+ T cells in alopecia areata hair follicles.
October 2025 in “Science Advances” IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells is crucial for causing alopecia areata.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology” BST2 is highly expressed in certain immune cells in alopecia areata, suggesting a role in the disease.
June 2026 in “Immunity Inflammation and Disease” Dandruff involves inflammation and increased skin cell growth, not just flaking.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TEC kinases may help cause inflammation in vitiligo and could be targeted for treatment.
23 citations
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January 2016 in “Frontiers in immunology” Using low-dose IL-2 to increase regulatory T cells might be a safe way to treat type 1 diabetes without severe side effects.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology” Different γδ T cell types have unique roles in causing alopecia areata.
2 citations
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August 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Skin stem cells help create protective immune cells during wound healing.
84 citations
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October 2007 in “The Journal of Immunology” Myeloid-derived suppressor cells help control autoimmune cells and promote hair regrowth in alopecia areata.
28 citations
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May 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology”