Next-Generation Skin Regeneration: Multicellular 3D Bioprinting and Biomimetic Bioinks for Advanced Cutaneous Reconstruction

This review highlights the rapid advancements in regenerative dermatology and 3D skin bioprinting, focusing on the development of functional human skin through innovative technologies and biological strategies. It synthesizes evidence from 20 recent studies, emphasizing the predominance of extrusion-based platforms and the evolution of bioinks from simple hydrogels to complex, biologically instructive matrices. These advancements support high cell viability and modulate key biological processes such as angiogenesis and immune responses. Multicellular strategies show promise in enhancing vascular integration and tissue maturation, with vascularization identified as a critical factor for clinical viability. Current applications are primarily in wound healing and disease modeling, with in situ bioprinting emerging as a promising area for personalized reconstruction. The review underscores the importance of refining vascular strategies, standardizing bioinks, and fostering international collaboration to advance the clinical implementation of 3D bioprinting technologies.