Potential Consequences of the Use of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The document reviews the potential use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), highlighting their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. ADSCs are easily extracted and have shown anti-tumorigenic effects in preclinical studies, but their impact on cancer growth is inconsistent, with both inhibitory and stimulatory outcomes observed. While ADSCs can induce apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation, there is a risk of malignant transformation when co-cultured with cancer cells. Most research has been conducted in vitro or in animal models, and no clinical trials have yet tested ADSCs in HCC. The dual nature of ADSCs in cancer treatment underscores the need for further research to balance their therapeutic benefits against potential risks.