Mechanisms and Clinical Progress of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Their Derivatives in the Treatment of Hair Loss

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and their derivatives, such as exosomes and conditioned media, show significant promise in treating hair loss, particularly androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata, due to their regenerative properties. They promote hair regrowth by extending the anagen phase, stimulating hair follicle cell proliferation, and enhancing follicular stem cell differentiation. ADSCs secrete cytokines like VEGF and IGF, aiding in hair regeneration by improving vascularization and dermal papilla cell function, while also exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Clinical studies, including one with 71 androgenetic alopecia patients, have demonstrated the efficacy of ADSC treatments, although challenges remain in understanding molecular mechanisms and optimizing application methods. Future research should focus on these areas to enhance ADSC-based therapies.