Androgenetic Alopecia: From Molecular Mechanisms to Advanced Topical Delivery Systems with Emphasis on Polymeric Micelles

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) involves complex mechanisms including genetic and epigenetic factors, androgen sensitivity, and follicular miniaturization. Traditional treatments like minoxidil and finasteride have limited effectiveness and can cause side effects. Advanced topical delivery systems using polymeric micelles offer a promising alternative. These micelles, formed from amphiphilic block copolymers, provide enhanced drug encapsulation and targeted delivery to hair follicles, improving retention and release while minimizing systemic exposure. This approach can potentially revolutionize AGA treatment by inducing hair growth phases, promoting angiogenesis, and allowing for combination therapies with better efficacy and patient adherence.