Biological Effects of Human Placental Extracts: Variations in Manufacturing Methods and Compositions

Placental extracts, used in traditional medicine for their regenerative properties, are now manufactured using various methods from human and animal placentas, resulting in different compositions. Despite these differences, they commonly exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. These extracts are used in pharmaceuticals for treating menopausal disorders, liver function improvement, osteoarthritis, and wound healing, as well as in dietary supplements for skin texture improvement and anti-aging. However, the precise relationship between their biological effects and specific contents remains unclear. This review highlights the biological effects and functions of various placental extracts, including recent findings and manufacturing methods.