Advancements in Biotechnological Approaches for the Production of High-Value Metabolites in Punica Granatum

The document reviews advancements in biotechnological approaches to enhance the production of high-value metabolites in pomegranates, which are rich in beneficial polyphenols with health-promoting properties. Due to the plant's slow growth and limited metabolite synthesis, traditional extraction methods are inadequate to meet demand. Biotechnological strategies such as pathway engineering, micropropagation, and in vitro culture techniques have been employed to address these challenges. Despite progress, the biosynthetic pathways in pomegranates remain largely unexplored. The review highlights recent developments in these biotechnological methods and examines the enzymes, mechanisms, and regulatory factors involved in metabolite production, providing insights into the progress made in this field.