Dermatological And Systemic Reactions To Hair Dyes: Current Evidence And Management

Hair dye use, particularly involving para-phenylenediamine (PPD), is linked to dermatological reactions like allergic contact dermatitis, with symptoms such as erythema, pruritus, and hair loss. Diagnosis often involves patch testing. Rare systemic reactions, including angioedema and acute kidney injury, have been reported. Long-term risks like cancer remain inconsistent, though some studies suggest a link with prolonged use of dark dyes. Hairdressers face higher sensitization risks. Management includes stopping the dye, using corticosteroids, and antihistamines, while preventive measures involve patch testing and using PPD-free products. Ongoing research for safer alternatives is needed.