Design of biopolymer-based hemostatic material: Starting from molecular structures and forms

The document discussed the critical role of biopolymers, such as polysaccharides and polypeptides, in developing next-generation hemostatic materials due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. It emphasized the importance of understanding physiological hemostatic processes and material chemistry/physics for constructing novel hemostatic materials. The study summarized hemostatic mechanisms from a microscopic perspective, focusing on molecular structures and chemical modifications, and compared various forms of hemostatic materials like powder, sponge, hydrogel, and gauze from a macroscopic perspective. It also highlighted challenges in developing biopolymer-based hemostatic materials and suggested future directions for chemistry design, advanced forms, and clinical applications.