Epidemiology, Genetics, and Risk Factors in Androgenetic Alopecia

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of progressive hair loss globally, affecting both men and women due to genetic factors and the action of androgen hormones, particularly dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It leads to hair follicle miniaturization, a shortened anagen phase, and an extended telogen phase, impacting physical appearance and psychological well-being. The condition involves complex genetic interactions, androgen metabolism, and follicular sensitivity, with inflammation and oxidative stress also contributing. Treatments include pharmacological options like minoxidil and finasteride, as well as newer methods such as platelet-rich plasma, low-level laser therapy, and hair transplants, though these primarily aim to slow progression rather than cure the condition.