Mediterranean Basin Erica Species: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties

The review examines the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of Erica species native to the Mediterranean basin, such as E. arborea, E. multiflora, and E. manipuliflora. These species have been traditionally used to treat ailments like urinary tract disorders and inflammatory conditions. They contain bioactive compounds, including pentacyclic triterpenes and polyphenolics, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and diuretic activities. Despite their traditional applications, further research is needed to validate these uses and understand their mechanisms and clinical efficacy. The study highlights the potential of these species as therapeutic agents, warranting more comprehensive studies. Notably, E. multiflora shows hair-growth-promoting properties, and E. arborea displays antifungal and antileishmanial activities. Toxicity studies suggest that extracts from these species are relatively safe.