Progress in the Application of Exosomes in Androgenetic Alopecia: Focusing on Molecular Mechanisms

This review discusses the potential of exosome-based therapies for treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA), highlighting their ability to modulate key signaling pathways involved in AGA pathogenesis, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Shh, TGF-β/Smad, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK. Exosomes, as nano-sized extracellular vesicles, carry bioactive substances that facilitate intercellular communication and offer a promising therapeutic option for AGA by addressing the dysregulation of signaling pathways in hair follicles. However, the current evidence is limited, and further well-designed studies are necessary to confirm the long-term efficacy and safety of these therapies. Additionally, challenges in the production, application, and regulation of exosomes must be addressed to advance their clinical application in AGA treatment.