Green Nanodrugs: Research Progress and Challenges of Plant-Derived Nanovesicles in Tumor Treatment

The review explores the potential of plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) in cancer treatment, emphasizing their advantages such as high biocompatibility, low cost, and ability to deliver therapeutic agents effectively. PDNVs, derived from plants like grapefruit and rice bran, show promise in regulating tumor-suppressive pathways and enhancing drug delivery due to their unique compositions. Despite challenges in standardizing preparation methods and understanding their biogenesis, PDNVs demonstrate potential in inducing apoptosis, modulating immune responses, and overcoming drug resistance. While preclinical results are encouraging, clinical translation is still in early stages, with limited trials conducted. Further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms and enhance their application in oncology.