Progress on Genome-Wide Association Studies and Selection Signature Analysis for Agronomic Traits in Chinese Sheep and Goats: Review

This review highlights the progress and challenges in using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and selection signature analyses for sheep and goat breeding in China. Key genomic regions linked to important traits, such as hair follicle growth and body size, have been identified, with genes like LHX2, FGF12, and Notch3 playing significant roles. The BMPRIB gene is crucial for reproductive performance and growth rate. Despite advancements, challenges like incomplete reference genomes and insufficient phenotypic data persist. Future research should focus on genomic refinement, multi-omics integration, and improved algorithms. Enhanced international collaboration is essential for precise breeding strategies, as demonstrated by the Hua sheep 50k chip, which boosts lambing rates by 27.7% and improves breeding efficiency.