Living Probiotic Microneedles Coordinate Antiandrogen and Nitric Oxide Therapy for Androgenetic Alopecia

This study presents a novel treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) using living probiotic-based microneedles that combine nitric oxide-generating Weissella cibaria with clascoterone-loaded nanoparticles. The microneedles deliver these components directly into the dermis, where they work together to modulate androgen signaling and promote local tissue repair. In vitro, the system reduced androgen-related cytotoxicity, supported endothelial migration, and decreased inflammatory cytokine secretion. In a testosterone-induced mouse model, the treatment accelerated hair growth, improved hair density, enhanced vascular regeneration, and reduced perifollicular inflammation. This combined probiotic and drug delivery approach offers a promising minimally invasive strategy for treating AGA by restoring the hair follicle microenvironment and blocking androgen effects.