The Role of the Microbiome in the Resolution of Infection-Induced Inflammation

The document explores the critical role of the gut microbiome in managing and resolving infection-induced inflammation. It highlights how resident gut microbes protect against infections and aid in inflammation resolution through mechanisms like immune modulation and niche competition. Disruptions in the microbiome, such as those caused by antibiotics, can impair immune responses and increase susceptibility to infections. Specific commensal bacteria, such as Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, promote epithelial cell proliferation and modulate immune responses, aiding in inflammation resolution. However, some microbes can hinder this process by increasing pro-inflammatory immune cells. The review underscores the complex interplay between microbiome composition and inflammation resolution, suggesting that understanding these interactions could lead to better strategies for treating infection-induced damage and preventing chronic inflammatory diseases.