Nanotechnology in Trichology: Therapeutic Advances and Future Perspectives in the Treatment of Alopecia

This systematic review examines the potential of nanotechnology in treating androgenic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata (AA), highlighting its ability to enhance drug delivery to hair follicles, improve bioavailability, and reduce side effects compared to traditional treatments. The review includes 16 studies from 2020 to 2024, covering various nanostructured systems like metallic nanoparticles, exosomes, liposomes, and siRNA. Results show significant clinical improvements, such as increased hair density and thickness, activation of the anagen phase, and enhanced follicular regeneration markers, with some studies indicating comparable or superior efficacy to traditional treatments like topical minoxidil. However, challenges remain, including a lack of long-term clinical trials, non-extrapolatable animal models, and standardization issues in hair biomarkers.