Regulatory Mechanisms of Natural Active Ingredients and Compounds on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts in Mitigating Skin Photoaging

This review highlights the potential of natural active ingredients in mitigating skin photoaging by targeting cellular pathways in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It includes 87 studies and suggests that natural compounds can regulate pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and Nrf2/ARE in keratinocytes to reduce inflammation and cellular damage. In fibroblasts, these compounds promote the TGF-β pathway, inhibit MMPs activity, and enhance collagen synthesis, protecting the dermal collagen network and reducing wrinkles. The demand for natural product-based ingredients in sunscreens is increasing, but comprehensive clinical studies are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety in anti-photoaging treatments.