Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocarriers Integrated with Ginsenoside Compound K in Dissolvable Microneedles for Androgenetic Alopecia

This study presents a novel microneedle-based drug delivery system (CK/GSNO@Lip MN) for treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA), a common hair loss disorder. The system co-delivers Ginsenoside Compound K (CK) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to target the hair follicle microenvironment. CK activates the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, upregulates β-catenin expression, modulates reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduces inflammation. GSNO releases nitric oxide (NO) to enhance angiogenesis and regulate inflammation. Together, they promote hair regeneration by improving the follicle environment and cell proliferation, offering a promising approach for AGA and potential broader dermatological applications.