Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles: a novel therapeutic perspective for skin diseases

Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PENs) are emerging as promising therapeutic agents for skin diseases, including alopecia, due to their ability to penetrate the skin barrier and modulate hair follicle cell metabolism. They demonstrate enhanced bioactivity compared to traditional plant extracts, with potential applications in anti-aging, hair loss prevention, skin whitening, and wound healing. PENs exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation, key factors in skin aging and hair loss. Clinical trials have shown that exosome therapy can increase hair density and thickness in patients with hair loss. However, challenges such as toxicology, stability, delivery efficiency, and regulatory compliance need to be addressed for clinical adoption. Further research is needed to fully understand their biogenesis and optimize their clinical application in dermatology.