Tumor Heterogeneity of Prostate Cancer and SARS-CoV2 Infection: A Complex Relationship Involving Extracellular Vesicles and the Androgen Receptor

June 2023 in “ SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository ”

Majidipur, Amene

extracellular vesicles prostate cancer androgen receptor TMPRSS2 anti-androgens GSK-3β AKT STAT neuroendocrine differentiation epithelial-mesenchymal transition EVs androgens

TLDR Extracellular vesicles and androgen receptors may help identify prostate cancer resistance and reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection.

This study explores the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in prostate cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prostate cancer treatment often leads to resistance, partly due to cellular plasticity involving neuroendocrine differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. EVs, found in all body fluids, may help identify tumor heterogeneity and treatment resistance biomarkers. The study identified specific markers in EVs from prostate cancer cell lines and highlighted the role of phosphoprotein kinases GSK-3β, AKT, and STAT in signaling pathways. Additionally, the research examined the androgen receptor's influence on TMPRSS2 expression, a key molecule for SARS-CoV-2 entry, and found that anti-androgens can reduce viral infection in respiratory cells. EVs in nasopharyngeal mucus also play a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

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