Skin Pigmentation Types, Causes and Treatment: A Review

The review article explores the variability of human skin pigmentation, influenced by genetics, UV exposure, and medications, and its impact on appearance and health. It categorizes disorders into hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, with conditions like melasma and vitiligo being common. Treatments include anti-inflammatory medications, antioxidants, and tyrosinase inhibitors, with both oral and topical options. A study with 75 patients showed oral tranexamic acid significantly improved melasma, while a triple combination cream improved melasma in 73% of 60 patients. Natural treatments, such as vitamins and plant extracts, show promise in reducing pigmentation. The review emphasizes consulting a doctor before treatment and highlights the growing interest in natural remedies for their safety and efficacy.