The application of 3D bioprinting in urological diseases

The document reviewed the application of 3D bioprinting in addressing urological diseases, which affected over 26 million people globally and incurred significant healthcare costs. Urologic cancers were major contributors to cancer cases and deaths. Traditional treatments like organ transplantation were limited by donor availability, prompting interest in tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting as solutions. The review highlighted the progress in developing functional urological organs and disease models using 3D bioprinting, despite challenges such as replicating organ heterogeneity and limited biomaterial options. Studies demonstrated the potential of 3D bioprinting in creating functional organs for transplantation and in vitro models.