356 citations
,
December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.
9 citations
,
April 1999 in “Mammalian Genome” Acidic keratin genes are on CFA9 and basic keratin genes are on CFA27 in dogs.
7 citations
,
November 2007 in “Differentiation” The NF-κB effector p65/RelA activates hair keratin genes, aiding hair formation.
119 citations
,
January 2000 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Different parts of the nail express different keratins, showing unique patterns of differentiation.
16 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair and wool have diverse keratins and keratin-associated proteins.
76 citations
,
December 2011 in “Journal of Cell Science” Different keratin types have unique amino acid patterns that are evolutionarily conserved.
33 citations
,
October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
36 citations
,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
13 citations
,
May 2001 in “Current problems in dermatology” Keratin proteins in epithelial cells are dynamic and crucial for cell processes and disease understanding.
May 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Melanogenesis inhibitors like kojic acid and niacinamide can reduce inflammation and pigment production in skin cells.
22 citations
,
October 1996 in “Dermatologic clinics” Understanding intermediate filaments helps explain hair health and related diseases.
30 citations
,
October 2010 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications” The Gsdma3 gene is essential for normal hair development in mice.
158 citations
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December 2002 in “Development” Msx2-deficient mice experience irregular hair growth and loss due to disrupted hair cycle phases.
30 citations
,
January 2009 in “The scientific world journal/TheScientificWorldjournal” Hair is hard to dissolve because of its complex proteins, but certain solvents that break specific bonds and hydrate can do it.
25 citations
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September 2014 in “SpringerPlus” Sheep have a unique gene, KAP8-2, that humans don't have, which may affect wool properties.
20 citations
,
February 1977 in “The anatomical record” Excess vitamin A changes skin and hair follicle development and affects polysaccharide distribution.
November 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Haircare products with a pH between 5 and 7 are best for maintaining healthy hair.
October 2015 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair is complex, varies in type, and plays a big role in attractiveness and culture.
57 citations
,
November 2011 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Hair follicle stem cells can help repair nerve injuries.
277 citations
,
October 1982 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Basal-cell epitheliomas and the pilosebaceous tract share a unique keratin, distinguishing them from other skin areas.
Human hair keratins can self-assemble and support cell growth, useful for biomedical applications.
21 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Morphology” Monotreme and marsupial skin proteins show primitive features and species-specific differences compared to placental mammals.
95 citations
,
September 2012 in “Oman Medical Journal” Mutations in keratin genes can cause skin and mucosa disorders.
10 citations
,
January 1989 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” The method effectively analyzes human hair proteins, especially nonfilamentous ones.
17 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of Drug Delivery” PEG and keratin scaffolds can effectively deliver protein drugs by controlling release based on pH levels.
1 citations
,
October 1988 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Scientists identified and cloned specific keratin proteins in mouse hair.
December 2025 in “Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry” Pepsin digestion improves accuracy in analyzing proteins in human hair.
15 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
48 citations
,
August 2001 in “Experimental dermatology” Researchers created a quick, cost-effective way to make skin-like tissue from hair follicles and fibroblasts.
Hair fibers degrade and change color in very basic water.