63 citations
,
August 2022 in “Diagnostics” Hirsutism can occur in women with PCOS even if their androgen levels are normal, making diagnosis challenging.
November 2024 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hair analysis can help diagnose adrenal disorders non-invasively.
April 2021 in “IntechOpen eBooks” Androgens, male hormones, affect physical and mental functions, with a decrease leading to health issues like muscle loss, bone disease, and depression, and more research is needed on long-term effects and treatments.
22 citations
,
September 2024 in “Human Reproduction Update” Androgen measurement helps diagnose PCOS, but accuracy varies, needing standard methods.
20 citations
,
April 2009 in “Fertility and Sterility” 10 citations
,
March 2021 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Certain gene variants are linked to severe acne, especially in males.
7 citations
,
June 2024 in “iScience” Androgens increase cervical cancer risk and affect its development.
3 citations
,
September 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Androgens and a high-fat diet may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 in women with PCOS by upregulating certain proteins in the heart and kidneys.
2 citations
,
November 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” Inhaled substances in e-cigarettes can cause hormone imbalances similar to congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
November 2022 in “Scientific Reports” Certain ESR1 gene variations may affect hormone levels and fat distribution in women with high male hormone levels.
October 2022 in “Biomedicines” Finasteride in male rats causes liver and metabolic issues in their offspring.
41 citations
,
March 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In STSD patients, the body compensates for low androgen levels by increasing another enzyme's activity.
January 2025 in “Human Reproduction Open” 25% of premenopausal women with Type 1 diabetes have undiagnosed androgen excess disorders.
224 citations
,
February 2013 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” ERG increases SOX9, promoting prostate cancer growth and invasion.
7 citations
,
January 2013 in “Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology” Men with androgenetic alopecia may have higher blood pressure, suggesting early screening for hypertension.
5 citations
,
July 2025 in “Endocrine” 31 citations
,
December 2023 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal” PCOS is linked to inflammation, and certain markers could help in its treatment.
25 citations
,
June 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Human sebaceous glands contain enzymes that affect androgen production and may influence sebum production and acne.
23 citations
,
June 2015 in “Clinica Chimica Acta” Researchers found potential urine markers for polycystic ovary syndrome, including testosterone-glucuronide and 11α-hydroxyprogesterone, which may help diagnose the condition.
7 citations
,
May 2024 in “Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica” Severe menstrual issues in PCOS women signal higher risk for heart and metabolic problems.
January 2026 in “Nature Reviews Urology”
13 citations
,
August 2018 in “Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology” AMH is a good marker for diagnosing PCOS, but global standards are needed.
19 citations
,
July 2024 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” Astaxanthin may reduce inflammation in women with PCOS, but doesn't significantly improve symptoms.
11 citations
,
April 2017 in “The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care” Cyproterone acetate with ethinyl estradiol is effective for treating skin symptoms related to high androgen levels, like in PCOS.
December 2025 in “International journal of research and scientific innovation” Women with PCOS in Nigeria have higher heart risk markers, needing early heart health checks.
30 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis” The research found different metabolism changes in PCOS patients and suggested new potential markers for diagnosing PCOS with or without insulin resistance.
29 citations
,
July 2012 in “Fertility and Sterility” Low and ultralow doses of flutamide can cause liver damage in young women with high androgen levels, regardless of dose or birth control use, with higher risk for those with higher BMI and liver enzyme levels before treatment.
86 citations
,
October 2017 in “Translational pediatrics” Skin changes can help diagnose and manage endocrine disorders like thyroid problems, diabetes, and adrenal gland conditions.
30 citations
,
January 2019 in “Clinical Endocrinology” The study concluded that both anti-Mullerian hormone and LH/FSH ratio are higher in women with PCOS and combining these markers with BMI could improve diagnosis accuracy.