7 citations
,
January 2013 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics” Ectopic adrenal rests can cause androgen excess after adrenalectomy and may need targeted surgery.
2 citations
,
July 2023 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” Ovarian vein sampling can effectively locate ovarian tumors when imaging is unclear.
1 citations
,
July 2019 in “The journal of applied laboratory medicine” Venous catheterization may help diagnose the cause of female hyperandrogenism when imaging is unclear.
1 citations
,
July 2015 in “AACE clinical case reports” Removing both ovaries treated the woman's excess male hormone symptoms.
14 citations
,
March 2022 in “Clinical Endocrinology” The document concludes that a systematic approach is crucial to identify causes of androgen excess in women beyond the most common cause, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe male-like symptoms were caused by a rare, benign tumor in her ovary that produced male hormones.
The case shows the difficulty in diagnosing certain conditions when standard tests are negative.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy resolved hyperandrogenism in a postmenopausal woman with rare ovarian tumors.
4 citations
,
November 2021 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Children and adults with Cushing's disease show different symptoms and males have more severe cases; surgery outcomes can be predicted by certain factors.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's masculine symptoms were caused by a rare tumor in her left ovary, which was found using a special blood test.
2 citations
,
March 2003 in “Endocrine Practice” The woman's symptoms and tests suggest her adrenal glands are producing too many male hormones.
1 citations
,
March 2005 in “Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie” A postmenopausal woman had high testosterone from her right adrenal gland, leading to recommended surgery.
199 citations
,
July 2007 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Hair cortisol can reliably indicate chronic stress in cats and dogs.
December 2025 in “Biology Bulletin Reviews” Hair cortisol can indicate animal stress but varies with many factors.
April 2011 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” Hair cortisol is a reliable long-term stress marker during pregnancy.
296 citations
,
October 2018 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Hair cortisol is a reliable way to measure long-term stress in animals.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Rare ovarian tumors can cause hyperandrogenism, even if imaging appears normal.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high testosterone in a postmenopausal woman, resolved by surgery.
1 citations
,
February 2022 in “Case reports in endocrinology” An unusual growth of Leydig cells in a woman's ovaries caused her excessive hair growth, which was treated successfully with surgery.
A thorough diagnostic process and teamwork are crucial for managing complex hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women.
40 citations
,
February 2005 in “Fertility and Sterility” Some women with PCOS have CYP21 mutations and IRS1 variants, but these genetic factors are not major contributors to PCOS.
20 citations
,
December 2000 in “Fertility and Sterility” The N363S gene variant does not cause higher adrenal androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
2 citations
,
November 2011 in “InTech eBooks” Most adrenal cortex tumors are benign and non-secreting, but proper diagnosis and treatment are important due to the rare possibility of cancer.
December 2005 in “Endocrine-related cancer” A woman's adrenal tumor disappeared after treatment with cyproterone acetate.
151 citations
,
December 2004 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a genetic disorder with two forms, causing symptoms like early puberty and severe acne, but can be identified through screening and treated with glucocorticoids.
52 citations
,
October 2004 in “Veterinary dermatology” Melatonin and mitotane treatment led to hair re-growth in 62% of dogs with Alopecia X, but this was not always linked to normal hormone levels.
8 citations
,
October 2020 in “Infant behavior & development” Collecting hair for cortisol analysis is possible in low-income mother-toddler pairs.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy improved symptoms in a woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
June 2025 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Adrenal disorders often cause high blood pressure in young people.
May 2024 in “Journal of clinical case studies reviews & reports” A man's health improved after treating his undiagnosed adrenal insufficiency, which caused fatigue and weight loss.