July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
November 2009 in “Journal of Pediatric Nursing” Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a common genetic disorder that can cause a range of symptoms and requires personalized treatment.
Hormones, especially testosterone and DHT, are key for penis development and function, and testosterone therapy may help with erectile dysfunction in those with low levels.
February 2010 in “ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)” Male sexual differentiation is regulated independently, while female differentiation occurs in an androgenic environment, affecting conditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
1 citations
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February 2022 in “Online journal of biological sciences” The document does not determine if adults with aphallia are fertile.
1 citations
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September 2025 in “Cureus” ChatGPT-5 can pass the endocrinology exam but isn't fully reliable for clinical decisions yet.
April 2025 in “Otorhinolaryngology Clinics - An International Journal” Histopathological examination is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure proper treatment for skin lesions.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
309 citations
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June 2001 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause androgen insensitivity, leading to female traits in genetically male individuals.
1 citations
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July 2024 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” The woman delivered a healthy baby boy despite taking spironolactone during pregnancy.
1 citations
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August 2019 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology” A new genetic change causing early stop in the androgen receptor gene was found in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
2 citations
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June 2024 in “Plastic Surgery” There is unequal access to gender-affirming surgeries in Canada, with a need for better coverage and specialized programs.
2 citations
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July 2022 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science” A female dog with mixed male and female traits was treated successfully with surgery.
38 citations
,
October 2014 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.
8 citations
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January 1991 in “European Urology” Finasteride lowers DHT levels and raises testosterone in a dose-dependent way.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document explains how male reproductive hormones work and affect the body.
2 citations
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August 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride treats baldness but may cause lasting sexual side effects.
39 citations
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April 2018 in “Hormones” No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.
98 citations
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April 1997 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Finasteride effectively blocks rat enzymes, but with varying methods and strength.
31 citations
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January 1995 in “The American journal of medicine” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone play a role in women's health issues like excess hair and baldness, and treatments blocking these hormones may help.
25 citations
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January 2000 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics” Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, affecting sexual development.
11 citations
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August 2019 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Women with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia experience more sexual dysfunction and distress.
7 citations
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May 2015 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Finasteride helps treat frontal fibrosing alopecia, improving or stabilizing the condition in many patients.
5 citations
,
April 2011 in “The Lancet” Untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia can lead to complications like stroke and needs glucocorticoid treatment.
3 citations
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May 1990 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Some women with excess hair growth have a hormone condition that can't be diagnosed by blood or urine tests alone.
2 citations
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September 2019 in “Acta Cardiologica” Women with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have higher risk for heart and metabolic problems.
2 citations
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January 2013 in “Elsevier eBooks” The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.
September 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Certain hormone levels can help diagnose P450 oxidoreductase deficiency.
December 2005 in “Endocrine-related cancer” A woman's adrenal tumor disappeared after treatment with cyproterone acetate.