86 citations
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April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
39 citations
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April 2015 in “Regeneration” Lizards can regrow their tails, and studying this process helps understand scar-free healing and limb regeneration.
38 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Reptilian scales, feathers, and hairs evolved from changes in skin cell interactions.
8 citations
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March 2025 in “Developmental Biology” Integumentary organs adapt and evolve for survival, with potential uses in regenerative medicine.
158 citations
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January 2009 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Reptile scales help us understand the evolution of skin features like hair and feathers.
82 citations
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January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
72 citations
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December 2018 in “Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution” Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.
21 citations
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June 2003 in “Journal of Morphology” Monotreme and marsupial skin proteins show primitive features and species-specific differences compared to placental mammals.
38 citations
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November 2018 in “Scientific Reports” Bird scales evolved from feathers, not reptile scales.
7 citations
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October 2018 in “BMC genomics” Key genes can rewire networks, changing skin appendage types.
88 citations
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July 2008 in “Development” BMP2 and BMP7 have opposite roles in feather formation.
36 citations
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November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
22 citations
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December 2016 in “PloS one” A specific protein in chicken embryos links early skin layers to feather development.
11 citations
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June 2016 in “npj Regenerative Medicine” The symposium concluded that understanding how different species repair tissue and how this changes with age can help advance regenerative medicine.
9 citations
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July 2011 in “Scientific Reports” Changes in the HR gene have influenced hair growth and may lead to hair loss conditions in humans.
1 citations
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October 2025 in “Scientific Reports” Mandarin duck sail feathers change with seasons due to hormones and genetic regulation.
85 citations
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October 2006 in “Current opinion in cell biology” Feather growth and regeneration involve complex patterns, stem cells, and evolutionary insights.
47 citations
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May 2012 in “Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Developmental Biology” The conclusion is that understanding how feathers and hairs pattern can help in developing hair regeneration treatments.
133 citations
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February 2019 in “PLoS Biology” Feather patterns in birds are shaped by signaling interactions and cell movements, with EDA/EDAR crucial for pattern formation.
68 citations
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December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Hair growth can be induced by certain cells found at the base of hair follicles, and these cells may also influence hair development and regeneration.
62 citations
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January 2000 in “Developmental dynamics” Notch-related genes play a key role in the development and cycling of hair follicles.
48 citations
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December 2004 in “Differentiation” Tooth papilla cells can help regenerate hair follicles and grow hair.
33 citations
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January 2018 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Cell aging can be both good and bad for tissue repair.
33 citations
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December 2004 in “Differentiation” Mouse amnion can turn into skin and hair follicles with help from certain cells and factors.
26 citations
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August 1971 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizards can regrow their tail scales with the same structure, distribution, and gender-specific features as the original ones, and this unique ability is not seen in adult mammals.
21 citations
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January 2023 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” The Wnt signaling pathway is crucial for regeneration and could help advance human medicine.
17 citations
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June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
15 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
8 citations
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May 2024 in “PLoS Biology” Gap junctions help control feather pattern formation in chickens.
6 citations
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January 2020 in “International journal of biological sciences” Removing the ROBO4 gene in mice reduces skin inflammation and hair loss by affecting certain inflammation pathways and gene expression.