18 citations
,
February 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” PGD2 increases androgen receptor activity in hair cells, which could be targeted to treat hair loss.
2 citations
,
January 2023 in “International Journal of Biological Sciences” A specific pathway involving AR, miR-221, and IGF-1 plays a key role in causing common hair loss.
January 2022 in “Social Science Research Network” The Ar/miR-221/IGF-1 pathway is involved in male pattern baldness, with miR-221 potentially being a new target for treatment.
138 citations
,
April 2003 in “Carcinogenesis” 2-Methoxyestradiol causes cancer cell death by activating specific pathways, but androgens can block this effect.
4 citations
,
November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Testosterone may worsen hair loss by affecting hair growth signals, while different prostaglandins can either hinder or promote hair growth.
January 2026 in “Journal of Contemporary Medicine” Vitamin D may help prevent or reduce hair loss after COVID-19.
January 2026 in “Biomacromolecules” A new method using nanolipogels with fucosterol can help regrow hair by targeting follicles, reducing inflammation, and improving blood flow.
1 citations
,
April 2024 in “Food Frontiers” Pu-erh tea reduces hair loss risk in offspring.
July 2026 in “JAAD reviews.” GLP-1 receptor agonists may cause hair loss, but more research is needed.
April 2018 in “The Journal of Urology” Phosphodiesterase inhibitors like tadalafil can reduce cell growth in BPH caused by CD8+ T cells in low androgen conditions.
289 citations
,
May 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human skin can produce steroids from cholesterol.
March 2025 in “MAEDICA – a Journal of Clinical Medicine” COVID-19 may worsen symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
31 citations
,
March 2010 in “Molecular Endocrinology” Androgens like testosterone increase colon muscle contractions by affecting calcium pathways.
50 citations
,
December 2006 in “Bone” Exemestane may protect bones by stimulating osteoblast growth through androgen-related pathways.
13 citations
,
July 2018 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Thyroid hormones and androgens affect gene expression in frog reproductive organs differently between males and females.
3 citations
,
November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Testosterone can both promote hair growth and cause baldness by affecting hair growth signals.
January 2026 in “Open MIND” Fibroblasts play a key role in hair loss by affecting hair growth and causing inflammation.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hair loss patterns differ between males and females due to 5 master regulators and JAK-STAT signaling affects hair growth.
8 citations
,
August 2021 in “Aging” Berberine may reduce prostate enlargement by blocking inflammation.
11 citations
,
September 2019 in “Dermatologic Surgery” A substance called Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor can protect certain hair follicle stem cells from damage caused by androgens, suggesting a new possible treatment for hair loss.
108 citations
,
September 2002 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” Lowering testosterone speeds up wound healing in male mice.
2 citations
,
August 2023 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Excess maternal androgens can cause heart problems in offspring.
24 citations
,
September 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Retinoids increase steroid sulfatase activity in leukemia cells through RARα/RXR and involves certain pathways like phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase.
25 citations
,
November 2017 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” PlncRNA-1 helps hair follicle stem cells grow and develop by controlling a specific cell signaling pathway.
June 2026 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” MicroRNAs can help regenerate hair by influencing stem cells and immune responses, but delivery challenges exist.
95 citations
,
January 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Androgens block hair growth by disrupting cell signals; targeting GSK-3 may help treat hair loss.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “MedChemComm” PF-05314882 selectively activates androgen receptors without much effect on prostate and may help in prostate cancer treatment and hair loss prevention.
122 citations
,
November 2010 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Male pattern baldness involves hormones and cell signals affecting hair growth.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increases oil production in skin cells by activating mTOR, and mTOR inhibitors can reduce this effect.
5 citations
,
August 2012 in “Journal of Dermatology” Tamoxifen may cause female hair loss by increasing androgen receptor expression.