17 citations
,
May 2019 in “Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews” High fasting insulin levels in women with PCOS are linked to a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.
7 citations
,
October 2020 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Women with PCOS are at high risk of glucose metabolism issues and heart diseases, especially if overweight, highlighting the need for early intervention.
7 citations
,
August 2019 in “Endokrynologia Polska” The free androgen index varies among women with different types of PCOS.
3 citations
,
November 2024 in “Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm women's health and their offspring.
3 citations
,
May 2023 in “Biomedicines” PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.
2 citations
,
January 2021 in “Cureus” Long-term anabolic steroid use can lead to heart and metabolic health issues.
1 citations
,
June 2021 in “Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba” Postmenopausal virilization can be caused by ovarian hyperthecosis, treatable with surgery.
1 citations
,
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone levels in skin cells through reactive oxygen species, not enzymes, which could lead to new hair loss treatments.
November 2025 in “Fertility Gynecology and Andrology” PCOS involves hormonal and metabolic issues, increasing risks for diabetes and heart disease, and requires lifestyle changes and medication for management.
45 citations
,
February 2001 in “Joint bone spine” Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.
35 citations
,
July 2008 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” MPA improved hormonal imbalances and acne in women with PCOS without affecting metabolism.
26 citations
,
January 2016 in “Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism” Both metformin and pioglitazone improve PCOS symptoms, but pioglitazone is a good alternative for those who can't take metformin.
3 citations
,
March 2024 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Prenatal and postnatal environments both affect PCOS development and gut microbiota in mice.
January 2026 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Caffeine and DMG increase calcium influx in hair follicle cells without being toxic.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
September 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Female pattern hair loss may indicate metabolic issues and increased cardiovascular risk.
January 2015 in “IP Indian journal of clinical and experimental dermatology” The study concluded that women with female pattern hair loss had higher waist circumference, triglyceride levels, lower HDL, and blood glucose levels compared to those without hair loss.
February 2005 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Metabolic syndrome can cause serious health issues and should be considered when treating women with severe acne.
60 citations
,
February 2010 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Metformin combined with lifestyle changes improves insulin resistance and reduces testosterone levels in women with PCOS more than lifestyle changes alone.
33 citations
,
January 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Metformin improves menstrual cycles and hormone levels in women with PCOS, mostly within the first 6 months.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Physiological Research” Overweight women with PCOS have higher levels of certain hormones that could indicate a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.
10 citations
,
January 2019 in “Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy may slightly increase sexual desire in women with HSDD but lacks broad recommendation due to safety concerns and limited approval.
Antiandrogens and finasteride may help treat excess hair and hair loss in women.
45 citations
,
February 2012 Obese women with PCOS are more likely to have fatty liver disease.
April 2024 in “Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine” Skin changes can signal diabetes and metabolic issues, aiding early diagnosis and treatment.
67 citations
,
February 2010 in “Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica” Hirsutism is a strong sign of high male hormones and metabolic problems in women with PCOS, but acne and hair loss are not.
11 citations
,
November 2017 in “Hong Kong Medical Journal” Polycystic ovary syndrome increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and endometrial cancer, and requires early treatment to manage these risks.
November 2025 in “Basic and Clinical Andrology” Male relatives of women with PCOS show similar health issues, suggesting a male version of the condition.
November 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Keyora Lycopene 23 in 1 multi-vitamin improves men's reproductive and metabolic health.
12 citations
,
July 2020 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Men with hormonal imbalances similar to PCOS may have increased risk of metabolic and heart diseases.