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GlossaryAndrostenedione

steroid hormone precursor to testosterone and estrogen

Androstenedione, often referred to as Andro, is a steroid hormone that serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of testosterone and estrogen. It is produced in the adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes, and plays a crucial role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive function. Elevated levels of androstenedione can be associated with conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and certain forms of adrenal hyperplasia.

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research Puberty in Boys: Correlation of Plasma Levels of Gonadotropins (LH, FSH), Androgens (Testosterone, Androstenedione, Dehydroepiandrosterone and Its Sulfate), Estrogens (Estrone and Estradiol) and Progestins (Progesterone and 17-Hydroxyprogesterone)

96 citations , September 1975 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Hormone levels change during puberty, leading to physical developments like pubic hair and voice changes.

research Elevated serum androstenedione is associated with a more severe phenotype in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

28 citations , April 2014 in “Hormones”

Higher androstenedione levels in women with PCOS are linked to more severe symptoms.

The Influence of Obesity on Androstenedione to Testosterone Ratio in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hyperandrogenemia

research The influence of obesity on Androstenedione to Testosterone ratio in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hyperandrogenemia

15 citations , October 2011 in “Gynecological Endocrinology”

Obesity changes androgen levels in women with PCOS, leading to higher testosterone relative to androstenedione.

research Scalp hair 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione as a long‐term therapy monitoring tool in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

9 citations , April 2016 in “Clinical Endocrinology”

Scalp hair 17-OHP and androstenedione levels can help monitor treatment in CAH patients.

Androstenedione: Risks and Lack of Efficacy in Athletes

research Androstenedione

February 1999 in “Strength and Conditioning Journal”

Androstenedione, a hormone supplement, doesn't improve muscle or performance and can cause harmful side effects.

A Model for Predicting Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using Serum AMH, Menstrual Cycle Length, Body Mass Index, and Serum Androstenedione in Chinese Reproductive-Aged Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study

research A Model for Predicting Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using Serum AMH, Menstrual Cycle Length, Body Mass Index and Serum Androstenedione in Chinese Reproductive Aged Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study

5 citations , March 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

A model using hormone levels, cycle length, and BMI can help identify PCOS in Chinese women but isn't for screening teens.

research 17α‐estradiol induces aromatase activity in intact human anagen hair follicles ex vivo

94 citations , August 2002 in “Experimental Dermatology”

17α-estradiol boosts aromatase activity in female hair follicles, potentially helping with hair loss.

research Early breast development in girls after prenatal exposure to non‐persistent pesticides

54 citations , March 2012 in “International Journal of Andrology”

Prenatal pesticide exposure may cause earlier breast development in girls.

research Hyperandrogenemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: prevalence, characteristics and association with body mass index

19 citations , January 2017 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation”

High levels of male hormones are very common in women with PCOS and affect their metabolism differently depending on their weight.

research Trace elements content and hormonal profiles in women with androgenetic alopecia

18 citations , December 2010 in “Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology”

Women with AGA have more androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone, less copper and zinc; copper imbalance affects AGA; treatment improves hormones and minerals.

research Urinary steroids in women with androgenic alopecia

16 citations , March 2000 in “Clinical Biochemistry”

Women with hair loss had higher levels of certain hormones, suggesting a link to a condition like PCOS.

research Helpful diagnostic markers of steroidogenesis for defining hyperandrogenemia in hirsute women

14 citations , September 2007 in “Steroids”

The study concluded that androstendione and DHEA are important for diagnosing high male hormone levels in women with excessive hair growth.

research Androgen regulation of a specific gene in hamster flank organs

12 citations , January 1991 in “Archives of dermatological research”

Male hormones control a specific gene in hamster skin, with different hormones having varying effects.

Androgens in Women: Critical Evaluation of Methods for Their Determination in Diagnosing Endocrine Disorders

research Androgens in Women – Critical Evaluation of the Methods for Their Determination in Diagnostics of Endocrine Disorders

10 citations , November 2018 in “Physiological Research”

The conclusion is that standardizing testosterone measurement methods is essential for better diagnosis accuracy in women.

research Design and Validation of a Sensitive Multisteroid LC-MS/MS Assay for the Routine Clinical Use: One-Step Sample Preparation with Phospholipid Removal and Comparison to Immunoassays

9 citations , November 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

The new LC-MS/MS method is more accurate and reliable than traditional immunoassays for measuring steroids in serum.

research LC-MS/MS improves screening towards 21-hydroxylase deficiency

7 citations , December 2014 in “Gynecological Endocrinology”

LC-MS/MS is more reliable than immunoassays for diagnosing 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

research The influence of cyclosporine A therapy on sex hormone levels in pre- and post-menopausal women with primary biliary cirrhosis

4 citations , January 1994 in “Journal of hepatology”

Cyclosporine A therapy changes sex hormone levels differently in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women with primary biliary cirrhosis.

research Determination of steroid hormones in human hair as a retrospective biomarker with HPLC-MS/MS

September 2012 in “European journal of psychotraumatology”

A new method accurately measures long-term hormone levels in hair.

research Insulin administration alters gonadal steroid metabolism independent of changes in gonadotropin secretion in insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

202 citations , January 1989 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation”

Insulin changes sex hormone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome without affecting other hormone releases.

research Sebocytes are the Key Regulators of Androgen Homeostasis in Human Skin

196 citations , May 2001 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Sebocytes play a key role in controlling androgen levels in human skin.

research SERUM STEROIDS AND PITUITARY HORMONES IN FEMALE PUBERTY: A PARTLY LONGITUDINAL STUDY

186 citations , February 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology”

During puberty, hormone levels rise, with early increases in some steroids and most menstrual cycles becoming regular by six years after menarche.

research Gonadal Function Abnormalities in Sickle Cell Anemia

163 citations , November 1976 in “Annals of Internal Medicine”

Sickle cell anemia causes hormone issues and delayed puberty due to testicular failure.

research Effects of Finasteride (MK-906), a 5α-Reductase Inhibitor, on Circulating Androgens in Male Volunteers*

147 citations , April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Finasteride safely lowers DHT levels without affecting testosterone.

research The effects of two doses of spironolactone on serum androgens and anagen hair in hirsute women

142 citations , February 1985 in “Fertility and sterility”

Spironolactone reduced hair thickness and some testosterone levels in women with excessive hair growth.

research Androgen Dependence of Hirsutism, Acne, and Alopecia in Women

105 citations , January 2009 in “Medicine”

Hirsutism is more linked to high androgen levels than acne or hair loss, and a mix of hormonal tests is best for diagnosis; certain treatments can reduce symptoms.

research Effect of Leuprolide and Dexamethasone on Hair Growth and Hormone Levels in Hirsute Women: The Relative Importance of the Ovary and the Adrenal in the Pathogenesis of Hirsutism*

100 citations , April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

The ovary mainly causes high testosterone in PCO, while the adrenal gland is the main source in IH.