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GlossaryAndrostenedione

steroid hormone precursor to testosterone and estrogen

Androstenedione, often referred to as Andro, is a steroid hormone that serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of testosterone and estrogen. It is produced in the adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes, and plays a crucial role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive function. Elevated levels of androstenedione can be associated with conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and certain forms of adrenal hyperplasia.

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research Puberty in Boys: Correlation of Plasma Levels of Gonadotropins (LH, FSH), Androgens (Testosterone, Androstenedione, Dehydroepiandrosterone and Its Sulfate), Estrogens (Estrone and Estradiol) and Progestins (Progesterone and 17-Hydroxyprogesterone)

96 citations , September 1975 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Hormone levels change during puberty, leading to physical developments like pubic hair and voice changes.

research Elevated serum androstenedione is associated with a more severe phenotype in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

28 citations , April 2014 in “Hormones”

Higher androstenedione levels in women with PCOS are linked to more severe symptoms.

The Influence of Obesity on Androstenedione to Testosterone Ratio in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hyperandrogenemia

research The influence of obesity on Androstenedione to Testosterone ratio in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hyperandrogenemia

15 citations , October 2011 in “Gynecological Endocrinology”

Obesity changes androgen levels in women with PCOS, leading to higher testosterone relative to androstenedione.

research Scalp hair 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione as a long‐term therapy monitoring tool in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

9 citations , April 2016 in “Clinical Endocrinology”

Scalp hair 17-OHP and androstenedione levels can help monitor treatment in CAH patients.

Androstenedione: Risks and Lack of Efficacy in Athletes

research Androstenedione

February 1999 in “Strength and Conditioning Journal”

Androstenedione, a hormone supplement, doesn't improve muscle or performance and can cause harmful side effects.

A Model for Predicting Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using Serum AMH, Menstrual Cycle Length, Body Mass Index, and Serum Androstenedione in Chinese Reproductive-Aged Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study

research A Model for Predicting Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using Serum AMH, Menstrual Cycle Length, Body Mass Index and Serum Androstenedione in Chinese Reproductive Aged Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study

5 citations , March 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

A model using hormone levels, cycle length, and BMI can help identify PCOS in Chinese women but isn't for screening teens.

Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of 4-Substituted N-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-Oxo-4-Androstene-17β-Carboxamides as 5α-Reductase Inhibitors and Antiandrogens

research Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation of 4-Substituted N-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-oxo-4-androstene-17.beta.-carboxamides as 5.alpha.-Reductase Inhibitors and Antiandrogens

12 citations , April 1995 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry”

The new compounds moderately block a specific enzyme and strongly counteract a male hormone, suggesting potential for treating certain male-related health conditions.

research Insulin administration alters gonadal steroid metabolism independent of changes in gonadotropin secretion in insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

202 citations , January 1989 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation”

Insulin changes sex hormone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome without affecting other hormone releases.

research Sebocytes are the Key Regulators of Androgen Homeostasis in Human Skin

196 citations , May 2001 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Sebocytes play a key role in controlling androgen levels in human skin.

research SERUM STEROIDS AND PITUITARY HORMONES IN FEMALE PUBERTY: A PARTLY LONGITUDINAL STUDY

186 citations , February 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology”

During puberty, hormone levels rise, with early increases in some steroids and most menstrual cycles becoming regular by six years after menarche.

research Gonadal Function Abnormalities in Sickle Cell Anemia

163 citations , November 1976 in “Annals of Internal Medicine”

Sickle cell anemia causes hormone issues and delayed puberty due to testicular failure.

research Effects of Finasteride (MK-906), a 5α-Reductase Inhibitor, on Circulating Androgens in Male Volunteers*

147 citations , April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Finasteride safely lowers DHT levels without affecting testosterone.

research The effects of two doses of spironolactone on serum androgens and anagen hair in hirsute women

142 citations , February 1985 in “Fertility and sterility”

Spironolactone reduced hair thickness and some testosterone levels in women with excessive hair growth.

research Androgen Dependence of Hirsutism, Acne, and Alopecia in Women

105 citations , January 2009 in “Medicine”

Hirsutism is more linked to high androgen levels than acne or hair loss, and a mix of hormonal tests is best for diagnosis; certain treatments can reduce symptoms.

research Effect of Leuprolide and Dexamethasone on Hair Growth and Hormone Levels in Hirsute Women: The Relative Importance of the Ovary and the Adrenal in the Pathogenesis of Hirsutism*

100 citations , April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

The ovary mainly causes high testosterone in PCO, while the adrenal gland is the main source in IH.

research Female Pseudohermaphroditism Caused by a Novel Homozygous Missense Mutation of the GR Gene

94 citations , April 2002 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

A new gene mutation causes female pseudohermaphroditism due to glucocorticoid resistance.

research Prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with androgenic alopecia

84 citations , November 2003 in “European journal of endocrinology”

Women with androgenic alopecia are more likely to have polycystic ovaries and higher androgen levels, which may indicate PCOS.

research Treatment of Hirsutism with a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist (Nafarelin)∗

77 citations , October 1986 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

Nafarelin may effectively treat excessive hair growth in women by reducing certain hormone levels.

research BENIGN PREMATURE ADRENARCHE: CLINICAL FEATURES AND SERUM STEROID LEVELS

77 citations , September 1983 in “Acta Paediatrica”

Dexamethasone effectively normalizes elevated steroid levels in girls with premature adrenarche.

research Treatment of hirsutism: comparisons between different antiandrogens with central and peripheral effects

75 citations , March 1999 in “Fertility and sterility”

Finasteride, CPA, and flutamide are all equally effective in reducing excessive hair growth in women.

research Leuprolide and estrogen versus oral contraceptive pills for the treatment of hirsutism: a prospective randomized study.

74 citations , December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Leuprolide plus estrogen is more effective than oral contraceptives for reducing hirsutism.

research Ovarian Morphology Is a Marker of Heritable Biochemical Traits in Sisters with Polycystic Ovaries

73 citations , June 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Polycystic ovarian shape is a genetic sign of PCOS and its hormonal and metabolic features can be inherited.

Physical Changes, Laboratory Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density During Testosterone Treatment in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria

research Physical Changes, Laboratory Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density During Testosterone Treatment in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria

71 citations , August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine”

Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.