111 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
7 citations
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August 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia showed no prostatic growth.
January 2011 in “InTech eBooks” Pesticide exposure may increase the risk of hypospadias in males.
April 2022 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Skin changes during pregnancy are common, and non-invasive imaging is safe for monitoring these changes.
3 citations
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January 2014 in “Indian dermatology online journal” A newborn girl has a rare skin condition with two ulcers on her buttock that are healing on their own.
January 2023 in “The Annals of african surgery” Hormone treatment before hypospadias surgery can increase penis size and reduce surgery complications.
1 citations
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December 2025 in “Selçuk tıp dergisi/Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dergisi” Lower 2D:4D finger ratios in HS patients suggest prenatal hormone influence on the disease.
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
5 citations
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December 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Differences in androgen receptor expression and tissue properties may lead to higher cryptorchidism risk in certain rats.
9 citations
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August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
May 2024 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” A rare bacterial infection of pubic hair can cause strong genital odor, but trimming hair and using clindamycin can quickly fix it.
83 citations
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December 2004 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology”
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.
29 citations
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July 2011 in “Pediatrics in review” Accurate assessment of puberty using Tanner staging is crucial for identifying normal and abnormal development.
33 citations
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May 2016 in “Translational andrology and urology” Laser hair removal before genital surgery can prevent complications and improve patient satisfaction.
October 1984 in “Kidney international” The patient had complex urinary tract issues and ambiguous genitalia, with physical features suggesting a hormonal imbalance.
July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
4 citations
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August 2017 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Finger length ratio may indicate male hair loss.
4 citations
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August 2021 in “Pediatrics in review” DSDs are birth conditions causing unusual sex development, managed with personalized care and sometimes surgery, but still lack a standard treatment approach.
September 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Recognizing IPPP is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatments.
9 citations
,
August 1986 in “Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine” Familial sexual precocity in girls may be more common than previously thought.
36 citations
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March 2014 in “Cell death and differentiation” Disrupting β-catenin signaling in certain cells causes anorectal malformations.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” 5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.
13 citations
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January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
February 2010 in “ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)” Male sexual differentiation is regulated independently, while female differentiation occurs in an androgenic environment, affecting conditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.
3 citations
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June 2016 in “Dermatology Reports” Finger length ratios don't predict baldness in men.
4 citations
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October 2023 in “African Journal of Urology” Older parental age, rural living, and specific genetic mutations increase hypospadias risk in children.
6 citations
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May 2020 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Lichen Sclerosus causes itching, pain, and potential complications in the genital area.
6 citations
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January 2013 in “Urology” An 8-year-old boy with bed-wetting issues suffered a severe penile injury from tying a thread around his penis, requiring urgent medical treatment to avoid worse outcomes.