1 citations
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October 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” 5α-reductase deficiency can cause ambiguous genitalia and gender dysphoria, treatable with testosterone.
December 2025 in “Anatomy (International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy)” Palmaris longus muscle absence is uncommon and not linked to gender, hand side, or finger ratio.
July 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Hair diameter diversity helps assess hair loss, but its standard measure varies by individual and ethnicity.
4 citations
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October 2023 in “African Journal of Urology” Older parental age, rural living, and specific genetic mutations increase hypospadias risk in children.
January 2025 in “Case Reports in Genetics” A rare gene variant causes sexual development issues in siblings, needing personalized treatment.
5 citations
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May 2019 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” Finger length ratios might predict risk for skin condition in males.
October 1988 in “Pediatric research” Certain maturity signs appear before and after the first release of sperm in boys.
18 citations
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March 2004 in “The Journal of Urology” Hypospadiac rats showed abnormal genital development, useful for studying human hypospadias.
13 citations
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January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
1 citations
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February 2022 in “Online journal of biological sciences” The document does not determine if adults with aphallia are fertile.
1 citations
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December 2025 in “Selçuk tıp dergisi/Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dergisi” Lower 2D:4D finger ratios in HS patients suggest prenatal hormone influence on the disease.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.
7 citations
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August 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia showed no prostatic growth.
54 citations
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April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
1 citations
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May 2019 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” New method, hair distribution width (HDW), improves accuracy in diagnosing androgenetic alopecia (AGA).
Early diagnosis of imperforate hymen is crucial to prevent complications.
1 citations
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November 1995 in “Postgraduate medical journal” A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.
46 citations
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October 2012 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Genetic defects in androgen production are linked to male developmental disorders and are improving treatment understanding.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A boy with Oculodentodigital syndrome had a unique GJA1 gene mutation causing his symptoms.
13 citations
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May 1996 in “Archives of Disease in Childhood” Siblings with signs of virilization should be tested for non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which does not affect adult height but may impact fertility and well-being if untreated.
5 citations
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December 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Differences in androgen receptor expression and tissue properties may lead to higher cryptorchidism risk in certain rats.
January 2011 in “InTech eBooks” Pesticide exposure may increase the risk of hypospadias in males.
September 2024 in “Turkish Journal of Dermatology” A lower second to fourth finger length ratio may predict male alopecia areata.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” 5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.
October 2019 in “Research Square (Research Square)” The junction of the inner and outer prepuce with good blood flow is best for vascular pedicle flaps.
5 citations
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January 2012 in “International journal of trichology” A 2-year-old boy had no hair and unusual organ placement, and it's unclear if it's genetic or coincidental.
January 2020 in “AYBU AVESIS” No significant differences in finger ratios or autism scores were found between acne patients and healthy individuals.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.
September 2019 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Micro-CT helps identify suitable areas for surgical procedures based on blood vessel distribution in hypospadias-affected rats.
February 2025 in “Pediatric Dermatology”