21 citations
,
December 2012 in “Biological Trace Element Research” Higher hair levels of calcium and magnesium are linked to higher body weight, while lower levels are linked to worse metabolic health.
6 citations
,
January 2019 in “F1000Research” High triglyceride levels are a key factor affecting testosterone levels in women with PCOS.
April 2024 in “Актуальні питання педіатрії акушерства та гінекології” Inositol improves metabolism, hormone balance, and reproductive health in women with PCOS and obesity.
February 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Skin tags in obese individuals may indicate a higher risk of heart disease and diabetes.
81 citations
,
May 2019 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Melatonin may improve some hormonal and inflammatory issues in women with PCOS.
26 citations
,
December 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Treatments for PCOS aim to reduce androgen levels and improve insulin sensitivity to lower cardiometabolic risk.
14 citations
,
September 2023 in “Frontiers in Nutrition” Pro-, pre-, and synbiotics may help with PCOS, but more research is needed.
12 citations
,
October 2018 in “Aging male/The aging male” Higher BMI and lower testosterone are linked to more aggressive prostate cancer.
8 citations
,
January 2021 in “Fermentation” Probiotics and synbiotics might help manage hirsutism by improving insulin resistance.
7 citations
,
August 2023 in “EClinicalMedicine” Anti-androgens can help manage some PCOS symptoms better than metformin but are not more effective than placebos or birth control pills for other symptoms.
4 citations
,
February 2025 in “Nutrients” Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract improves hair elasticity, density, and thickness safely.
3 citations
,
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Chromium, inositol, and omega-3 can help manage PCOS symptoms.
1 citations
,
July 2025 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal” Autoimmune markers may help diagnose and manage PCOS.
May 2022 in “Maǧallaẗ Buḥūṯ Al-Tarbiyyaẗ Al-Nawʿiyyaẗ (Print)” Eating a high inositol diet significantly improves insulin resistance and hormone levels in women with PCOS.
63 citations
,
September 2020 in “Frontiers in Microbiology” Probiotics show promise for health benefits but need more research to understand how they work.
8 citations
,
March 2022 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Combining spironolactone with metformin reduces insulin resistance in PCOS better than either drug alone.
The conclusion is that there's a link between high testosterone levels, insulin resistance, and certain skin conditions, regardless of obesity.
198 citations
,
July 2011 in “Cochrane library” Lifestyle changes can improve body composition, excess male hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
166 citations
,
March 2007 in “Hypertension” High androgen levels in young women with PCOS are linked to higher blood pressure.
71 citations
,
June 2006 in “Human Reproduction” Women with PCOS who have low SHBG are more likely to have low good cholesterol and metabolic syndrome.
67 citations
,
February 2010 in “Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica” Hirsutism is a strong sign of high male hormones and metabolic problems in women with PCOS, but acne and hair loss are not.
60 citations
,
April 2003 in “Human Reproduction” Young Czech women with PCOS have a higher risk of heart problems and should be regularly checked for cholesterol and glucose issues.
32 citations
,
February 2017 in “Human Reproduction” Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to have a longer anogenital distance.
31 citations
,
January 2014 in “Clinical Endocrinology” The study suggests that being overweight or obese, not PCOS itself, is strongly linked to insulin resistance.
18 citations
,
August 2012 in “Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology” People with alopecia areata have higher insulin resistance.
16 citations
,
March 2015 in “Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift” Vitamin D deficiency is common in women with PCOS and linked to some metabolic problems, but not the main cause of their metabolic issues.
10 citations
,
February 2017 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation” Metformin effectively improves metabolic symptoms in women with PCOS, while alfacalcidiol does not have a significant impact.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Metformin improved menstrual cycle regularity and signs of hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes but did not improve blood sugar control.
5 citations
,
September 2016 in “Security science and technology” DNA can predict physical traits like eye and hair color accurately, especially in Europeans, but predicting other traits and in diverse populations needs more research.
3 citations
,
August 2017 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” People with PCOS have higher levels of PAI-1, which may increase their risk of heart disease and fertility issues.