July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
Bicalutamide does not significantly affect liver enzymes and is a safe anti-androgen option for transfeminine individuals.
November 2010 in “Clin-Alert” Monitoring for adverse effects in clinical treatments is crucial.
2 citations
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March 1976 in “PubMed” Neogynon effectively prevents pregnancy but may cause side effects like headaches and menstrual changes.
1 citations
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June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
108 citations
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January 2010 in “International Journal of Andrology” Weak endocrine disruptors in mixtures can have significant effects and should be considered in risk assessments.
20 citations
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June 1985 in “Toxicologic Pathology” Some steroid-induced health issues in rodents improved after stopping treatment, but hair loss and eye problems did not.
6 citations
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October 1993 in “Endocrinology” Finasteride blocks progesterone production in specific tumor cells, potentially causing side effects.
11 citations
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January 1980 in “PubMed” Oral contraceptives can cause nausea, headaches, mood changes, and other side effects, especially early on.
16 citations
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October 2007 in “Andrologia” DHT is a strong androgen that may pose less risk to the prostate compared to testosterone.
Ovulation inhibitors effectively treat menstrual issues and improve fertility but can have side effects.
11 citations
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October 1986 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” The contraceptive reduced hair growth and altered hormone levels in hirsute women.
1 citations
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January 2015 in “Elsevier eBooks” Certain pesticides and fungicides can interfere with male hormone functions, potentially causing reproductive issues in male rats.
24 citations
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July 1980 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of norethindrone acetate in rats caused various organ changes but didn't significantly increase tumor rates.
164 citations
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January 2003 in “Drugs”
4 citations
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December 2021 in “Archivio italiano di urologia andrologia” Certain drugs, especially antiandrogens and spironolactone, significantly increase the risk of gynecomastia.
37 citations
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September 2003 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” A substance called Compound 2g can strongly block STS (a hormone-related enzyme) without affecting estrogen levels, making it potentially good for treating breast cancer.
88 citations
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September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.
10 citations
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December 2019 in “in Vivo” Testosterone makes the connections in the uterus lining simpler and lowers certain protein levels, which might lead to infertility.
41 citations
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July 2001 in “PubMed” Estrogens can reduce DHT production in hair follicles, but are less effective than finasteride and progesterone.
17 citations
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January 2004 in “European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology/European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology” Certain hormone medications can treat symptoms like acne and unwanted hair, regulate periods, and prevent pregnancy in women and teenage girls.
1 citations
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October 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Antiandrogens can treat female hormonal conditions, but environmental ones may harm reproductive health.
2 citations
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March 2018 in “Current Opinion in Urology” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual, neurologic, endocrine, and cardiovascular side effects, but these are rare and usually stop after ending treatment.
26 citations
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March 1981 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Oestrogen does not affect adrenal androgen levels in children and adolescents.
49 citations
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February 2009 in “Maturitas” Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.
19 citations
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May 2013 in “Annals of Oncology” Aromatase inhibitors cause male pattern hair loss in women.
37 citations
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May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormone Replacement Therapy improves skin health in postmenopausal women by boosting collagen and hydration.
97 citations
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November 1986 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Higher doses of oestradiol implants improve bone density in postmenopausal women.