July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
December 1998 in “Acta Crystallographica Section C-crystal Structure Communications” A new compound with strong antiandrogenic effects was found, potentially useful for treating conditions like acne and prostate cancer.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
3 citations
,
January 2018 in “Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” Letrozole is better for single follicle development and endometrial thickness in PCOS, with no significant difference in pregnancy rates compared to clomiphene.
January 1987 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Norethisterone (jenapharm) therapy is effective for endometrial cancer.
78 citations
,
January 2000 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Norgestimate is the most effective birth control progestin for reducing an enzyme linked to acne and excessive hair growth in women.
April 2018 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.
2 citations
,
May 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Aromatase inhibitors can cause skin issues, especially with anastrozole and exemestane, so monitoring is important.
January 2019 in “ISGE series” Estrogen helps prevent artery plaque by stopping monocyte capture in blood vessels.
94 citations
,
August 2002 in “Experimental Dermatology” 17α-estradiol boosts aromatase activity in female hair follicles, potentially helping with hair loss.
1 citations
,
November 2019 in “Archives of breast cancer” Some hormone treatments might raise breast cancer risk, while others don't seem to.
19 citations
,
June 1999 in “Steroids” Different halogens on progesterone derivatives can either block or mimic male hormone effects, depending on their type and amount.
16 citations
,
October 2007 in “Andrologia” DHT is a strong androgen that may pose less risk to the prostate compared to testosterone.
14 citations
,
October 2015 in “Neurochemistry International” Letrozole may help prevent seizures by reducing certain hormone levels.
108 citations
,
January 2010 in “International Journal of Andrology” Weak endocrine disruptors in mixtures can have significant effects and should be considered in risk assessments.
4 citations
,
July 1983 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Certain hormones can reduce skin oil and hair growth, potentially helping treat acne and excessive hair in women.
22 citations
,
January 2019 in “Climacteric” Oophorectomy lowers testosterone and estrogen levels in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, with postmenopausal women still producing significant testosterone.
64 citations
,
January 1998 in “Drugs” Dienogest combined with ethinylestradiol is a highly effective birth control that improves menstrual symptoms and has manageable side effects.
1 citations
,
October 2002 in “The Journal of Urology”
March 2024 in “Biomedical reports” Isoflavone may help manage PCOS symptoms, but its effectiveness is uncertain.
20 citations
,
January 1999 in “Current Pharmaceutical Design” Antiandrogen therapy is effective and well tolerated for treating women's androgenic disorders like hirsutism, acne, and hair loss.
14 citations
,
November 2014 in “European journal of medicinal chemistry” Researchers found new potential treatments for conditions related to the androgen receptor, like male hormonal contraception, by testing thousands of compounds.
May 1993 in “Drugs & Therapy Perspectives” Formestane is a preferred second-line treatment for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women because it's effective and has fewer side effects.
April 2023 in “Medicina Clínica (english Edition)” 8 citations
,
August 2015 in “Endocrine”
19 citations
,
May 2013 in “Annals of Oncology” Aromatase inhibitors cause male pattern hair loss in women.
41 citations
,
November 2003 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Male hormones, or androgens, affect women's health in areas like mood and bone density, and hormone replacement therapy using antiandrogenic progestogens can improve mood disorders and alertness in menopausal women.
31 citations
,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
June 2023 in “Sri Lanka Journal of Menopause”