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GlossaryAntral Follicle Count

measure of small ovarian follicles to assess fertility potential

Antral Follicle Count (AFC) is a measure of the number of small follicles within the ovaries, typically assessed via transvaginal ultrasound. These follicles are in an early stage of development and their count is used to estimate a woman's ovarian reserve, which can be important for fertility assessments and treatments.

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The Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in a Normal Population According to the Rotterdam Criteria Versus Revised Criteria Including Anti-Mullerian Hormone

research The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a normal population according to the Rotterdam criteria versus revised criteria including anti-Mullerian hormone

221 citations , January 2014 in “Human Reproduction”

Adding anti-Müllerian hormone to PCOS criteria lowers the number of women diagnosed.

research Preliminary report of intraovarian injections of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in extremely poor prognosis patients with only oocyte donation as alternative: a prospective cohort study

34 citations , January 2022 in “Human Reproduction Open”

PRP injections did not significantly improve ovarian function in women with low ovarian reserve.

research Effect of body mass index (BMI) on phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Singapore women: a prospective cross-sectional study

24 citations , April 2021 in “BMC women's health”

High BMI worsens hair growth in women with PCOS.

research Evaluation of ovarian reserve and function in female patients treated with oral isotretinoin for severe acne: an exploratory study

13 citations , March 2014 in “Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology”

Oral isotretinoin for severe acne can change hormone levels but does not significantly affect ovarian function.

research Androgen receptor CAG repeat length is associated with ovarian reserve but not with ovarian response

7 citations , July 2014 in “Reproductive Biomedicine Online”

The length of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene is linked to ovarian reserve but does not affect how the ovaries respond to stimulation.

research Update on polycystic ovary syndrome

4 citations , August 2021 in “Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine”

The 2018 guideline for PCOS suggests new diagnostic criteria and treatments, but recognizes the need for more research.

research The Relationship between Serum Levels of Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Body Mass Index in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

1 citations , January 2020

AMH levels in adolescents with PCOS are not affected by their weight.

research The frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome in women with prediabetes compared with normoglycemic women

November 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

Women with prediabetes may have a higher risk of PCOS-like changes, especially if they have impaired glucose tolerance.

research A Data-Driven Approach to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Diagnosis: Evaluating Machine Learning Models

July 2025

Machine learning can improve early and accurate detection of PCOS.

Social Selection Favors Offspring Prone to the Development of Androgenetic Alopecia

research Social selection favours offspring prone to the development of androgenetic alopecia.

February 2018 in “PubMed”

Society's pressure to have children later in life favors genes that increase the risk of early baldness in male offspring.

research Presence of polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with longer anogenital distance in adult Mediterranean women

42 citations , August 2017 in “Human Reproduction”

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to have a longer distance between the clitoris and anus.

Accuracy of Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Total Follicle Count to Diagnose Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Reproductive Women

research Accuracy of anti-Müllerian hormone and total follicles count to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome in reproductive women

13 citations , August 2018 in “Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology”

AMH is a good marker for diagnosing PCOS, but global standards are needed.

research Equine antral follicle containing cartilage and bone: ovarian teratoma

1 citations , February 2015 in “Revista Acadêmica Ciência Animal”

A mare had a functional ovary with a tumor containing cartilage and bone.

research Androgen Action in the Ovary

62 citations , August 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

Androgens are important for normal ovarian function and estrogen production, but may not be the main cause of follicle death.

research A machine learning approach for non-invasive PCOS diagnosis from ultrasound and clinical features

6 citations , September 2025 in “Scientific Reports”

Machine learning can accurately diagnose PCOS non-invasively using clinical and ultrasound features.

research Early breast development in girls after prenatal exposure to non‐persistent pesticides

54 citations , March 2012 in “International Journal of Andrology”

Prenatal pesticide exposure may cause earlier breast development in girls.

research Co-loading of finasteride and baicalin in phospholipid vesicles tailored for the treatment of hair disorders

13 citations , January 2020 in “Nanoscale”

Finasteride and baicalin in phospholipid vesicles effectively promote hair growth and increase follicle count.

research The Effects of Ficus carica on Male and Female Reproductive Capabilities in Rats

4 citations , October 2022 in “Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine”

Ficus carica extract improved fertility in rats and may help with certain health conditions.

research New hyaluronan-based biomatrix for 3-D follicle culture yields functionally competent oocytes

13 citations , October 2022 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology”

A new hyaluronan-based biomatrix successfully supports the growth of mouse ovarian follicles, producing healthy eggs.

research Organoid technology for tissue engineering

70 citations , April 2020 in “Journal of Molecular Cell Biology”

Organoid technology helps create mini-organs for studying diseases and testing drugs.

research Ovarian morphology is associated with insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross sectional study

18 citations , May 2017 in “Fertility Research and Practice”

Larger ovarian size is linked to higher insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

research PCOS: update and diagnostic approach

16 citations , September 2018 in “Clinical Biochemistry”

The document concludes that more research is needed to fully understand the causes of PCOS.

research Improving inter-observer variability in the evaluation of ultrasonographic features of polycystic ovaries

30 citations , July 2008 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology”

Training improves consistency in evaluating polycystic ovaries with ultrasound.

research Steroid Sulfatase in the Human Hair Follicle Concentrates in the Dermal Papilla

61 citations , December 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Steroid sulfatase in hair follicles may be a target for treating hair loss.

Anti-Mullerian Hormone: A Potential Marker for Recruited Non-Growing Follicles of Ovarian Pool in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

research Anti Mullerian Hormone: A Potential Marker for Recruited Non Growing Follicle of Ovarian Pool in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

6 citations , January 2013 in “Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research”

AMH levels are higher in women with PCOS and can indicate the number of small follicles in their ovaries.

research Human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve ovarian function in cyclophosphamide-induced POF mice

7 citations , February 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

Human hair follicle stem cells improve ovarian function in mice with damaged ovaries.

research Vitamin B6 promotes the activation of primordial follicles through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

December 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research”

Vitamin B6 may help activate dormant follicles.