January 2009 in “The Chinese Journal of Modern Applied Pharmacy” The Potts-Guy model best predicts skin permeability for the tested drugs.
20 citations
,
August 2017 in “Drug testing and analysis” Drugs localize differently in hair strands based on their properties.
36 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of Controlled Release” The dye quickly penetrates hair follicles, mainly through the gap, not the surrounding skin.
May 2023 in “Frontiers in chemistry” Zolpidem shows up in hair from the top back of the head after one dose and fades over time, suggesting it gets into hair through blood and sweat.
15 citations
,
February 2023 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Smaller curcumin nanocrystals penetrate skin better, but additives and particle size affect absorption and accumulation.
March 2024 in “Bioimpacts” 400 nm particles penetrate hair follicles best, but mouse models aren't fully reliable for human studies.
1 citations
,
January 2020 in “Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin)” Disrupting the skin barrier and using specific nanoparticles and solvents can improve drug delivery through the skin.
1 citations
,
July 2005 in “Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences” Targeting drugs to hair follicles can treat skin conditions, but reaching deep follicle areas is hard and needs more research.
15 citations
,
June 2016 in “Computers in Biology and Medicine” Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate penetrates skin better in the stratum corneum than in the infundibulum.
10 citations
,
June 2019 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Hair removal methods damage the skin barrier and affect substance penetration.
61 citations
,
March 2006 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Lecithin microemulsion safely delivers tetracaine hydrochloride through the skin.
2 citations
,
November 2025 in “Pharmaceutics” Moderately lipophilic dyes penetrate skin deeply, while highly hydrophobic or lipophilic dyes stay on the surface.
24 citations
,
November 2009 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” Transcutol P best increases Finasteride absorption for hair loss treatment.
January 2022 in “Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Clove oil and grape seed extract increase finasteride skin absorption, while urea decreases it.
316 citations
,
June 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.
July 2023 in “International journal of research publications” Green coffee bean extract didn't grow hair but reduced a hair loss-related enzyme in rats.
40 citations
,
March 2019 in “Pharmaceutical development and technology” Smaller particles of the drug carrier penetrated skin better, with 300 nm size being best for targeting hair follicles.
365 citations
,
March 2021 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” Nanocarriers can improve drug delivery through the skin by overcoming barriers.
132 citations
,
April 2007 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” The microemulsion delivered the dye deeper into the skin than the cream.
1 citations
,
July 2017 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Iron oxide nanoparticles mainly enter the skin through hair follicles and sebocytes, not the dermis.
46 citations
,
May 2006 in “Laser Physics” Particles similar in size to hair cells penetrate hair follicles better.
19 citations
,
January 2000 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Diclofenac salt delivery through skin varies based on the salt's counterions.
January 2024 in “RSC pharmaceutics” Removing the outer skin layer increases drug absorption and offers non-invasive treatment options, with some methods allowing for quick skin recovery.
69 citations
,
December 2015 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Nanocapsules can improve clobetasol delivery to hair follicles, reducing side effects.
1 citations
,
November 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” External agents penetrate skin more easily in areas with fewer lipids, especially through hair follicles.
52 citations
,
January 2020 in “Scientific Reports” NLCs with manual massage greatly improve clobetasol delivery to hair follicles.
Hair follicles can effectively absorb nano-sized particles, making them potential targets for localized drug delivery.
65 citations
,
May 2001 in “Journal of Analytical Toxicology” Basic drugs like amphetamine are absorbed more in darker hair than lighter hair.
48 citations
,
April 2019 in “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces” A new method for delivering drugs through the skin using biodegradable particles was found to be effective.
56 citations
,
January 1996 in “Journal of Forensic Sciences” Dye enters hair at the edges of cuticle cells and penetrates more from water than alcohol-based solutions.