166 citations
,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
146 citations
,
December 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.
92 citations
,
November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.
28 citations
,
October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “Medicina” Hormone therapy improves mental well-being in transgender individuals but requires ongoing health monitoring.
343 citations
,
December 2008 in “Endocrine Reviews” Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.
282 citations
,
October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
117 citations
,
May 2017 in “Human Reproduction Update” The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.
34 citations
,
April 2023 in “Climacteric” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects health risks and requires careful management, especially as transgender individuals age.
13 citations
,
February 2020 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Men with hair loss have higher BMI, waist size, blood pressure, and are linked to smoking and inactivity.
7 citations
,
January 2019 in “Headache” Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
Early-onset baldness is linked to genetics, lifestyle, and can indicate higher risk for heart and metabolic diseases, and affects mental health.
February 2016 in “PubMed” Properly administered testosterone therapy is safe and effective but often not covered by insurance.
127 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of Biological Rhythms” The skin's internal clock affects healing, cancer risk, aging, immunity, and hair growth, and disruptions can harm skin health.
39 citations
,
June 2017 in “Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants” Plant-based ingredients are effective and safe for modern skincare products.
17 citations
,
December 2020 in “Journal of Genetic Counseling” Genetic counselors should be culturally skilled and aware of transgender patients' unique health risks and needs.
403 citations
,
November 2005 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.
June 2023 in “JMIR dermatology” The conclusion is that recognizing the difference between gender identity and biological sex is crucial in dermatology to improve patient care and research accuracy.
4 citations
,
October 2023 in “Fertility and Sterility” Some medications and supplements can affect male fertility, with some improving and others harming sperm quality.
13 citations
,
December 2012 in “Frontiers in bioscience” Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.
September 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Moderate exercise improves skin health, but intense exercise without protection can harm it.
Reducing iron levels didn't improve heart health or metabolism in women with certain ovarian issues.
72 citations
,
April 2008 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology” Dutasteride and finasteride do not significantly affect bone density, blood fats, or blood production, but slightly lower PSA levels and minimally impact sexual function in healthy young men.
August 2024 in “Cosmetics” Caffeine is beneficial for skin and hair treatments but needs better delivery methods to penetrate deeper skin layers.
30 citations
,
March 2001 in “Environmental Health Perspectives” Small changes in hormones can significantly impact health, showing the importance of sensitive testing for chemicals that disrupt hormones.
July 2025 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport” Androgenetic alopecia may indicate higher risk for certain diseases and mental health issues.
2 citations
,
August 2025 in “Harm Reduction Journal” Non-medical steroid use in gym-goers is risky and needs better prevention and care strategies.
9 citations
,
July 2024 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves mental health and gender incongruence but requires careful management of cardiovascular and cancer risks.
September 2023 in “Reproductive health of woman” PCOS is common, affects fertility, and requires personalized treatment to manage symptoms and health risks.