Botulinum toxin type A significantly reduces scalp psoriasis severity compared to placebo.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Bacteroides fragilis and Microbacterium sp. T32 may be linked to autoimmune activity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and alopecia areata.
32 citations
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August 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In vitro skin models are improving but still need more innovation to fully replicate human skin.
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May 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Adenosine receptors could be promising targets for treating inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis.
23 citations
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December 2021 in “Frontiers in Immunology” IL-1 family cytokines are crucial for skin defense and healing, but their imbalance can cause skin diseases.
26 citations
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May 2016 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” sPLA2-IIE is crucial for normal hair follicle structure and skin health.
286 citations
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June 2012 in “Nature Immunology” Hair follicles help attract immune cells to the skin during stress.
IL-18 signaling helps mature Tregs move into the thymus.
December 2012 in “Journal of dermatological science” Hair follicles help attract immune cells to minor skin injuries.
IL-18 signaling helps mature Tregs move into the thymus.
Dual TCR Treg cells are common in mouse tissues and vary by location.
Dual TCR Treg cells are common in various mouse tissues and show diverse characteristics.
155 citations
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May 2016 in “Nature communications” Memory T cells in the skin balance staying put and moving into the blood, clustering around hair follicles, and increasing in number after infection.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Certain immune cells in atopic dermatitis skin could be targeted for treatment.
September 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Blocking CCR5 can prevent and improve hair loss in alopecia areata.
August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Blocking the CCR5 receptor may be a new way to treat hair loss from alopecia areata.
The CD4 protein may play a role in the behavior of certain skin cells, affecting their growth, movement, and differentiation.
55 citations
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November 2010 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” The L412F variant of TLR3 is linked to skin infections, more viral infections, and autoimmune issues.
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October 2024 in “Experimental Dermatology” Higher CRHR1 levels in AA patients lead to increased inflammation.
27 citations
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September 1992 in “The Lancet” ICL is a condition with low CD4+ T cells like AIDS but not caused by HIV, and normal CD4+ T cell counts may vary between men and women.
64 citations
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July 2016 in “Journal of Immunology” Blocking the CXCR3 receptor reduces T cell accumulation in the skin and prevents hair loss in mice.
88 citations
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August 2019 in “Nature communications” Researchers found a specific immune receptor in patients that causes severe skin reactions to a drug.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Targeting TCR-Vβ2 in cutaneous T cell lymphoma shows promise for safer, more specific treatment.
1 citations
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January 2021 CD4+ skin cells may be precursors to basal cell carcinoma.
October 1984 in “Immunology Today” 4 citations
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June 2025 in “Cell Reports” Clonally expanded CD8+ T cells cause alopecia areata.
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November 2018 in “immuneACCESS” Expanded CD8+ T cells are linked to Alopecia Areata and may cause relapse after treatment.
1 citations
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February 2025 in “Scientific Reports” CD4 is crucial for maintaining skin stem cell balance and aiding wound healing.
July 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 1 citations
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May 2023 in “The Journal of Immunology” CD4 T cells can cause alopecia areata by activating CD8 T cells to attack hair follicles.