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January 2017 in “Acta medico-historica Adriatica” Human urine has been used in Spain for treating various skin conditions and ailments, influenced by local traditions.
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January 1985 in “PubMed” Hormonal birth control can cause skin issues, but low-dose options and those with antiandrogens may reduce these effects.
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August 1987 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Birth control pills can cause skin issues but may help with acne and hirsutism, and choosing the right type can minimize side effects.
June 2021 in “International journal of cosmetics and dermatology” Vitamin C and E may help with certain skin and hair conditions, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
COCs can improve acne but may cause skin issues like cholasma; high estrogen is advised for hair loss concerns.
July 2022 in “International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS)” Pregnancy often causes skin changes like darker nipples, swelling in feet, and stretch marks.
New treatments for skin diseases in 1979 showed promising results with fewer side effects.
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January 2015 in “Journal of Pigmentary Disorders” Melasma is a skin condition linked to female hormones, genetics, UV exposure, and certain medications, but not to pituitary, adrenal, or thyroid diseases.
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January 2015 in “Journal of Pigmentary Disorders” Treating melasma in men is difficult, especially for the deeper skin layers, and may need more than just topical treatments.
October 2019 in “European Journal of Dermatology” The boy's hair and skin color differences are due to a pigmentation disorder.
June 2025 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Pigmented rings with central clearing help diagnose melasma more accurately.
February 2009 in “Springer eBooks” Hyperpigmentation is common in pregnancy and may not fully fade after birth; melasma, also frequent, can persist but has limited treatment options during pregnancy.
144 citations
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December 2017 in “Pigment cell & melanoma research” Melasma is now considered a skin aging disorder caused by sun exposure in people with a genetic tendency, which impacts treatment and prevention approaches.
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July 2022 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Melasma's causes include genetics, sun exposure, hormones, and oxidative stress, and understanding these can help create better treatments.
208 citations
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July 2001 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Pregnancy can cause various skin changes and diseases, with PUPPP being the most common skin condition specific to pregnancy.
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January 1984 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Pregnancy can cause skin darkening, varicose veins, more sweating, hair growth, hair loss after birth, nail changes, and gum inflammation.
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June 1992 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Pregnancy often causes skin changes like darkening, stretch marks, and hair growth, which may improve after childbirth.
35 citations
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July 2007 in “Dermatologic clinics” Facial dark spots can be caused by the sun, genetics, makeup, or medicine, and are diagnosed by patient history and skin tests.
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May 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Platelet-rich plasma therapy could be an effective treatment for melasma with minimal side effects.
6 citations
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November 1993 in “Contact dermatitis” Spironolactone in anti-acne cream can cause allergic skin reactions in some people.
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March 2006 in “Archives of Dermatology” The conclusion is that dermatologists can improve women's skin health but must overcome cultural and economic barriers to do so.
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June 1987 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Most patients tolerated spironolactone for acne and hirsutism despite common side effects like menstrual changes and breast tenderness.
October 2019 in “International journal of research in dermatology” Misusing topical corticosteroids can cause skin darkening and other side effects.
4 citations
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August 2018 in “American journal of otolaryngology” Transgender women on estrogen therapy can develop melasma and need proper skin care.
96 citations
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January 1997 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Pregnancy can cause skin pigmentation, stretch marks, and changes in hair, nails, and sweat glands, with most resolving after birth.
35 citations
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December 2014 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Most skin changes during pregnancy go away after giving birth.
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January 2008 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology” Pigmentary mosaicism causes skin color changes and can affect multiple body systems, but has no cure.
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August 2024 in “Cosmetics” Melasma treatment is difficult, but combination therapies and personalized plans show promise.
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January 1967 in “PubMed” Oral contraceptives often cause melasma and other skin issues.
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June 1975 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Cyproterone acetate is effective for acne but less so for hirsutism and alopecia, with some side effects and quick menstrual cycle recovery after treatment.