125 citations
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February 1971 in “Biochemistry” Specific cross-linkages help make hair proteins stable and strong.
88 citations
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July 1958 in “Nature” Citrulline was found in hair follicle proteins for the first time.
62 citations
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December 2007 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” A specific chemical change in the S100A3 protein leads to the formation of a four-part structure important for hair formation.
46 citations
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November 1963 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” Arginine converts to citrulline in hair follicles as proteins harden.
45 citations
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January 1977 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair follicles have an enzyme that converts arginine to citrulline in proteins.
28 citations
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January 1985 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” A girl with citrullinemia developed pili torti, suggesting a link between the hair condition and the metabolic disorder.
21 citations
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November 2019 in “Molecular & Cellular Proteomics” Citrullinated proteins from Porphyromonas gingivalis may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis.
20 citations
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February 1968 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” A new test more accurately detects citrulline in hair follicles and pilomatrixomas.
3 citations
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April 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” A more sensitive assay was developed to detect enzyme activity converting arginine to citrulline in hair follicles.
September 2025 in “Science Advances” PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.
May 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A potential treatment for atopic dermatitis could be to increase PADI1 expression to improve skin barrier function.
4 citations
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January 2017 in “Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin” Inhibiting ALOX12 can help hair cuticle maturation by increasing S100A3 citrullination.
Ca²⁺-mediated protein citrullination controls cell growth in the CNS and may help treat brain tumors.
138 citations
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November 1977 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics” 5 citations
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September 2013
35 citations
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August 2010 in “The American journal of pathology” Researchers created a new mouse model for studying Citrullinemia Type I and similar conditions, showing symptoms and treatment responses like those in humans.
116 citations
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April 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Trichohyalin is a protein in hair follicles that helps form hair filaments.
43 citations
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July 2012 in “Molecular human reproduction” Certain metabolites are lower in women with PCOS and could be potential markers for the condition.
30 citations
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August 2021 in “Oncogene” miR-22 helps skin cancer grow and spread by activating specific cell signals.
17 citations
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August 1979 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” A new staining method helps tell growing from resting hairs to diagnose hair loss.
7 citations
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February 1982 in “Australian Journal of Biological Sciences” Epithelial cells from young rat hair follicles grow and form aggregates in culture, but don't produce hair keratin proteins.
5 citations
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December 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Enzymes called PADIs play a key role in hair growth and loss.
4 citations
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January 1981 in “PubMed” Hair medullary cells in mammals vary in complexity, with humans having more structured cells similar to inner root sheath cells.
2 citations
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October 2023 in “Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Biological sciences” Enzymes that change arginine to citrulline are important for skin barrier and hair formation, and their malfunction can lead to skin conditions and hair disorders.
June 2023 in “Historical records of Australian science/Historical Records of Australian Science” George Ernest Rogers was a notable scientist who made important discoveries about hair and wool proteins.
January 2011 in “Yearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Hair relaxers are linked to reduced cystine levels and potential hair damage.
January 2023 in “Karger Kompass. Dermatologie” Scientists are still unsure what triggers the immune system to attack hair follicles in Alopecia areata.
108 citations
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October 2003 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Trichohyalin makes hair follicles stronger.
November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Changes in hair follicle structure may help diagnose and monitor alopecia.
2 citations
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October 2023 in “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences” Different PADI isoforms help cells develop diverse functions.