October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
173 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.
94 citations
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August 2002 in “Experimental Dermatology” 17α-estradiol boosts aromatase activity in female hair follicles, potentially helping with hair loss.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
November 2024 in “International Journal of Scientific Reports” Dienogest is safer and has fewer side effects than GnRH analogues for treating endometriosis.
October 2025 in “Frontiers in Toxicology” A new method effectively predicts estrogen-related health effects for early screening.
10 citations
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March 2008 in “DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Estrogen treatments can cause unwanted effects in men and should be used cautiously.
78 citations
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October 2003 in “Cochrane library” Cyproterone acetate with estradiol may subjectively improve excessive hair growth in women, but it's not clinically better than other treatments.
22 citations
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January 1995 in “The American Journal of Medicine” Newer low-dose oral contraceptives with less androgenic effects improve patient compliance.
4 citations
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December 1994 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate with estradiol improved women's self-confidence and emotional well-being without a difference between oral or transdermal methods, but younger women preferred the oral method.
33 citations
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January 1979 in “Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica” Diane® is an effective contraceptive that also helps treat acne and mild hair growth issues.
8 citations
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April 1990 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” The medication combination did not affect glucose tolerance but increased some cholesterol levels due to its estrogen component.
4 citations
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January 1991 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” Goserelin and oestradiol treatment slightly improved hairiness but did not significantly change sebum production or hair characteristics in mildly hirsute women.
March 2024 in “BMC women's health” The levonorgestrel implant increases free testosterone and lowers SHBG more than DMPA-IM and the copper IUD.
Choose oral contraceptives with specific side effects to manage issues like acne and avoid unwanted effects.
January 2025 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Hormonal therapies effectively treat acne and improve quality of life.
January 2013 in “Revista Clínica Española” A postmenopausal woman's increased male hormone levels were successfully treated with surgery.
3 citations
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July 2022 in “BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” Some birth control pills increase young women's risk of blood clots more than others.
20 citations
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October 2017 in “Clinical Endocrinology” The conclusion is that removing both ovaries is the best treatment for excess male hormones in postmenopausal women, with medication as another option, and managing insulin resistance is important for diagnosis and treatment.
January 2002 in “NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)” 17b-Estradiol in skin affects hair growth and tumor promotion.
Oral contraceptives are generally recommended for healthy young girls, but specific types may vary based on individual health conditions and barrier methods are less popular among adolescents.
57 citations
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January 1995 in “The American journal of medicine” Oral contraceptives help treat hyperandrogenic disorders, improving symptoms like excessive hair and acne.
June 2023 in “Sri Lanka Journal of Menopause”
22 citations
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January 2001 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Some new progesterone derivatives are better at blocking testosterone conversion than a common drug.
31 citations
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November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Women with androgen excess, especially those with PCOS, have a much higher risk of heart disease and stroke.
1 citations
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November 2019 in “Archives of breast cancer” Some hormone treatments might raise breast cancer risk, while others don't seem to.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” 17β-estradiol may help hair growth by increasing cannabinoid receptor type 1.
30 citations
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February 2016 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Some medications can reduce excessive hair growth in women, but more research is needed to find the best treatment combinations.
25 citations
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August 1989 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Birth control pills are effective for treating women with too much male hormone.
1 citations
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July 2025 in “Functional Foods in Health and Disease” CL22209, an Asparagus racemosus extract, safely reduces perimenopausal symptoms and balances hormones.