375 citations
,
June 2013 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research” Cornification is how skin cells die to form the protective outer layer of skin, hair, and nails.
7 citations
,
May 2024 in “Tissue Barriers” The skin's outer layer relies on lipids and proteins to protect against damage.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The keratin network in mouse skin changes during cornification and affects the skin's protective barrier.
83 citations
,
May 2011 in “European Journal of Dermatology” Corneodesmosin is crucial for skin and hair health, and its dysfunction can cause skin and hair disorders.
44 citations
,
March 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” A wide range of proteins are integrated into the skin's protective layer.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The conclusion is that the cornea has two types of stem cells, with Lrig1+ cells being key for renewal in aging corneas, independent of CD44.
13 citations
,
January 2012 in “International journal of trichology” The study found that hair fragility in Pili annulati may be caused by cavities and damage within the hair shafts.
53 citations
,
September 2004 in “American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics” Mutations in keratin genes cause cell fragility and various skin disorders.
20 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Older people's hair cuticles get more easily damaged and lose protective oils, especially in their 40s and 50s.
December 2016 in “Experimental and Molecular Pathology” Mus pahari mice have fragile skin due to abnormal collagen and elastin.
189 citations
,
July 2009 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” Epidermolysis bullosa simplex causes easily blistered skin due to faulty skin cell proteins, leading to new treatment ideas.
April 2026 in “Nature Communications” Aged corneal cells can revert to a stem-like state to help repair tissue.
9 citations
,
July 2013 in “Experimental Dermatology” Aging reduces the ability of human hair follicle cells to form new cell colonies.
31 citations
,
August 2005 in “The American Journal of Dermatopathology” The study concluded that PKP1 is essential for skin integrity and hair growth, and its dysfunction causes the symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome.
4 citations
,
November 2016 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Pili torti hair is fragile due to loose keratin filaments and weak disulfide bonds.
8 citations
,
June 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A boy's skin fragility and sparse hair were caused by a genetic mutation affecting skin cell adhesion.
Bovines can have rare inherited skin diseases with specific symptoms like hair loss, fragile skin, and abnormal porphyrin buildup.
36 citations
,
December 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The cyst had unusual keratin spherules and resembled bone marrow.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Certain mutations in the KLHL24 gene cause a skin disorder by breaking down an important skin protein.
8 citations
,
November 2015 in “The American journal of dermatopathology/American journal of dermatopathology” Punctate follicular porokeratosis is a skin condition with specific features seen in hair follicles.
January 2009 in “한국피부장벽학회지” Calcium is crucial for skin development and healing.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Friction causes hair breakage during combing, and fragment count predicts hair strength.
43 citations
,
July 1994 in “Journal of Cell Science” Cross-linked proteins help maintain the structure of hair, feathers, and hagfish teeth.
33 citations
,
October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” New method measures skin cell turnover quickly and effectively, showing turnover slows with age and responds more to treatments in older skin.
7 citations
,
November 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair breaks differently when wet or dry and is affected by its condition and treatments like perms and bleaching.
12 citations
,
December 1965 in “Immunology and Cell Biology” Mild skin injury can trigger mineral deposits in rat skin, even without full calciphylactic response.
11 citations
,
April 2022 in “Biophysical Journal” Disulfide bonds in keratin fibers break more easily under stress, especially when wet, affecting fiber strength.
8 citations
,
August 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Corin speeds up wound healing by helping skin cells move and grow.
58 citations
,
November 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The Foxn1 gene is essential for normal nail and hair development.