Cornification is the process where living skin cells die to create a protective barrier, and problems with it can cause skin diseases.
103 citations
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March 2011 in “PLoS Biology” Birds can lose neck feathers due to a genetic change that increases a gene's activity, helping them adapt to heat.
43 citations
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July 1994 in “Journal of Cell Science” Cross-linked proteins help maintain the structure of hair, feathers, and hagfish teeth.
207 citations
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September 1973 in “Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata” B-type hairs on female butterfly legs help them choose where to lay eggs.
27 citations
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May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
17 citations
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February 2015 in “Cell Death and Disease” Inhibiting AP1 in mice skin causes structural changes and weakens the skin barrier.
1 citations
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January 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Rabbits with Sarcoptes scabiei had thicker skin, cell death, and skin hardening.
January 2005 in “Chinese Journal of Veterinary” Hairless mice lose hair by 3-4 weeks, develop thicker, folded skin, and show pigmentation differences.
25 citations
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January 2003 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery” Nail-matrical fibroblasts can make non-nail cells produce hard keratin, useful for nail repair.
36 citations
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January 2004 in “European journal of cell biology” Without keratin 10, there's more growth and development of oil-producing skin cells.
8 citations
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May 2005 in “The American journal of dermatopathology/American journal of dermatopathology” The hair defect is due to abnormal inner root sheath keratinization.
3 citations
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September 2005 in “Experimental dermatology” The cornified envelope is crucial for skin's barrier function and involves key proteins and genetic factors.
46 citations
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January 1991 in “Tissue and Cell” The male silkmoth's antenna develops olfactory structures over 21 days, with full hair formation by day 15.
9 citations
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February 2016 in “Anatomical Science International” Hair proteins change location and structure as hair cells mature.
29 citations
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December 2004 in “Developmental biology” cDermo-1 causes dense skin, feathers, and scales in chickens.
22 citations
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July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The 4C32 gene may help in mouse skin development and differentiation.
7 citations
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July 2019 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Terbinafine effectively treated kerion celsi despite disrupted immune responses.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Secreted inhibitors of Wnt and IGF signaling control hair and tooth development, creating species-specific patterns.
15 citations
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February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Some mutant mice have hair with abnormal cross-linking, mainly in the cuticle, not affecting other hair parts.
1 citations
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August 2024 in “Transgenic Research” Activated β-catenin affects hair growth and skin thickness, and changes are reversible.
2 citations
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January 2007 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” Two cases of hairy elbows syndrome were described, with normal skin texture and symmetrical hair growth.
28 citations
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August 1992 in “Differentiation” A new pair of mouse keratins, 65 kD and 48 kD, are found in specific skin areas and are linked to a unique skin differentiation type.
7 citations
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December 2010 in “대한의생명과학회지” Hair growth after depilation increases skin thickness, mast cell counts, and cell activity.
1 citations
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June 1998 in “Journal of Forestry Research” Mammalian hair scales change from smooth to wavy due to friction.
63 citations
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April 2005 in “Mechanisms of development” Mice with too much Claudin-6 have skin barrier problems and abnormal hair growth.
5 citations
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March 1981 in “PubMed” A girl grew extra hair in areas where she had insect bites.
30 citations
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January 1994 in “Micron” Mature hair surfaces are formed by keratinized cells with developed layers, not just modified plasma membranes.
4 citations
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April 1989 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Trichohyalin granules help inner root sheath cells in hair follicles harden by integrating with keratin filaments.
20 citations
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January 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Older people's hair cuticles get more easily damaged and lose protective oils, especially in their 40s and 50s.
12 citations
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December 1965 in “Immunology and Cell Biology” Mild skin injury can trigger mineral deposits in rat skin, even without full calciphylactic response.